Wednesday, February 29, 2012

Building Bombed in Sichuan

2012-02-29
A Tibetan succumbs to injuries as he uses explosives to blast a government building in a Chinese province.
AFP
Tibetan monks walk past police vehicles on a street in Chengdu in southwest China's Sichuan province, Jan. 26, 2012.
Updated at 9:15 AM EST on 2012-02-29
A Tibetan bombed a newly completed government building in troubled Sichuan province that was used to gather intelligence on the local community, sources said Tuesday.

The man, identified as Tashi, aged 32, died in the explosion, succumbing to head injuries, in the incident in Rekpa village in Dege county on Saturday, the sources said.

"He died in the explosion that also damaged the building. The extent of damage on the government building is not clear," an Indian-based friend of Tashi told RFA.

The government building was newly constructed to allow station officials to watch over residents of Rekpa and Wapa villages, angering the residents, according to Ngawang Sangpo, a Tibetan with contacts in the area.

"The authorities went ahead with the construction, overriding the local resentment,” Ngawang Sangpo told the Tibet Times.

Sichuan has been the scene of self-immolations and protests against Chinese rule that have led to a security clampdown and the detention of hundreds of Tibetans.

Last month, Chinese police opened fire on Tibetan protesters in at least three counties in Sichuan and Qinghai provinces, wounding scores and killing at least six, according to right groups.

Twenty-three Tibetans have self-immolated to protest Chinese policies and rule in Tibetan regions since February 2009.

Businessman

Chinese authorities in Sichuan have also detained a Tibetan businessman suspected of involvement in a protest earlier this month in a neighboring province, sources said this week.

The man, identified as Tamdin, 32, was taken into custody at the Chengdu airport in Sichuan on Feb. 22 after taking a flight from Xining, the capital of Qinghai province, a U.S.-based source said, speaking on condition of anonymity and citing contacts in the region.

Tamdin, who was described as having “strong standing” in Qinghai’s Nangchen county, had taken part in a large but peaceful Feb. 8 protest in Nangchen by Tibetans challenging Chinese rule in Tibetan-populated areas, the source said.

“Because no one was arrested on the day of the protest, the police are after many young Tibetans from Nangchen now,” he said, adding that “Chengdu police are now working with Xining police” to arrest Tibetans residing in both cities.

According to Tamdin’s family, his present whereabouts are unknown, the source said.

In the Feb. 8 protest in Nangchen, as many as 1,000 people—mostly laypersons in traditional dress—flocked to the county stadium under close watch by security forces.

The protesters chanted prayers and shouted slogans calling for freedom for Tibet and for the return of exiled spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, a source inside Tibet said.

“When armed soldiers and policemen closed in, the Tibetans shouted ‘Kyi Hi Hi,’ a Tibetan battle cry of defiance,” the source said.

“The soldiers and policemen then retreated but watched from a distance. There was no clash between them, but the protesters remained in the stadium.”

Release

Meanwhile, Dawa Dorje, a popular advocate of Tibet’s traditional culture and language who was believed detained after going missing in early February “will be released,” a police official in Tibet has told the man’s family, according to sources.

Dorje, age 27 or 28, was picked up by police at Gonggar airport in Tibet’s capital Lhasa, a source inside Tibet said, speaking on condition of anonymity.

Also speaking on condition of anonymity, a South India-based friend said Dorje had taken a flight to Lhasa from Sichuan’s capital Chengdu after organizing a conference there promoting Tibetan culture.

“He called for a conference of Tibetan singers and other Tibetans in Chengdu on Feb. 1 and asked them to write and sing songs with themes that would promote the Tibetan language, race, and culture,” he said.

Police in Dorje’s native Driru county in the Tibet Autonomous Region ’s (TAR’s) Nagchu prefecture have now told his family members that Dorje will be released, but have not provided details, the friend said.

“Many days have passed since Dawa Dorje’s detention. His family still doesn’t know where he is, or on what charges he is being held,” he said.

Imprisonment

Also in Driru, Chinese authorities threatened this week to jail Tibetan monks and nuns who have walked away from their monasteries to protest Chinese interference in monastic affairs, an India-based Tibetan source said, adding, “The monks replied that they will return to their monasteries only after the Chinese officials leave.”

“Now, the general situation in the monasteries in Driru is very bad,” he said.

“There are no monks there to carry out religious prayers or rituals for the deceased, and large numbers of Chinese officials are now present in the monasteries, which forced the monks to all leave.”

“Some Tibetan families displayed dead bodies of their loved ones before the local government to protest over the failure to find lamas to conduct the [funeral] prayer service," said Kalsang Gyaltsen, a member of Tibet’s exile parliament in Dharamsala.

"The government doesn’t respect Tibetan customs at all,” he said.

'Patriotic education'

The Chinese authorities have sent cadres as “working groups” to monasteries in Nagchu prefecture in a bid to force monks to receive so-called "patriotic education," Tibetan exiles in India said.

“Since last November, the government of the TAR has sent about 20,000 cadres to various villages and monasteries to carry out the patriotic education. As a result, many monasteries have now been closed,” said Jampal Monlam, deputy director of the Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy based in Dharamsala.

On Tuesday, the official Tibetan Daily reported that Pema Trinlay, the head of the ruling Chinese Communist Party of the TAR, requested all key TAR officials to be available round the clock in order to maintain stability during March, the anniversary of the massive Tibetan crackdown in 2008.

Early this month, the Indian-based source said, hundreds of monks had staged protests calling for independence and the return of the Tibet's spiritual leader the Dalai Lama.

At first, he said, 10 monks who had formerly belonged to Driru’s Pekar monastery gathered on a hilltop on Feb. 8 to conduct prayers for a local resident who had died.

“On their way home, they stopped at the township office and raised slogans calling for Tibetan independence and for the return of the Dalai Lama and religious freedom for the monasteries and the people.”

Between 700-800 local Tibetans then joined the protest, he said.

“They marched together shouting slogans for almost an hour and a half before dispersing peacefully and returning to their homes. No detentions were reported at that time.”

The next day, five truckloads of Chinese security forces arrived in Driru and warned local residents they would be fired on if they failed to “control themselves,” he said.

Reported by Dorjee Damdul and Rigdhen Dolma for RFA’s Tibetan service and Qiao Long for RFA’s Mandarin service. Translations by Karma Dorjee, Dorjee Damdul, Rigdhen Dolma and Ping Chen. Written in English by Richard Finney and Parameswaran Ponnudurai.

Dozen Killed in Xinjiang Violence

2012-02-28
Incident is believed to have been triggered by a market insult.
Photo: RFA
About a dozen people were killed Tuesday in violence involving ethnic Uyghurs and Han Chinese in China's volatile northwestern Xinjiang region, according to state media and a Uyghur source.

The Xinhua News Agency said "a few rioters" armed with knives attacked "victims" in Kargilik (in Chinese, Yecheng) county in Kashgar prefecture, killing 10 people.

Police then shot dead "two assailants" and "are chasing the rest," Xinhua said, without mentioning the number of suspects in the latest violence to rock Xinjiang.

It quoted witnesses as saying that the "violent mobs chopped the victims" on Xingfu Street at about 6:00 p.m.

However, an email sent to RFA by a Uyghur, who did not identify himself, said that the violence was triggered by an insult thrown at a Uyghur youth by three Han Chinese men at the county's market.

A group of youths aged around 18 years attacked the three Han Chinese, resulting in their death, according to the email.

"Armed police then came in and killed 12 Uyghur youths," the email said.

Both the Xinhua account and details contained in the Uyghur email could not be independently confirmed.

RFA contacted the ruling Chinese Communist Party's propaganda department at the county and an official said he did not have any information to provide immediately.

But sources in the area said the entire county was placed under tight security as motor vehicles were checked at road blocks manned by police, who were also screening the county hospital where the injured had been taken.
Xinjiang has been gripped by persistent ethnic tensions between the Muslim Uyghurs and the rapidly growing Han Chinese migrant population.

Uyghurs, who form a distinct, Turkic-speaking minority in Xinjiang, say they are subjected to political control and persecution for opposing Chinese rule in their homeland.

Uyghur groups use “East Turkestan” to refer to the Xinjiang region, which twice enjoyed short-lived independence from China during the 1930s and 40s.

Enhanced security

Tuesday's violence came amid enhanced security ahead of the National People's Congress (NPC), the country's parliament, annual session opening next week and the ruling Chinese Communist Party leadership transition meeting later this year.

Authorities in Xinjiang's western border prefecture of Aksu detained 103 people during raids that formed part of a nationwide "stability" drive ahead of the meetings, according to the Kunlun official news website.

Regional government departments were implementing an "education, propaganda, walkabout and cleanup" operation, with more than 100 potential security flashpoints being targeted during the latest round of "strike hard" anti-crime campaigns.

The authorities had confiscated materials advertising a "holy war" by Uyghurs, as well as "subversive" literature, it said.

The campaigns have also encompassed widespread forcible "re-education" of local Muslims, according to Dilxat Raxit, spokesman for the Munich-based World Uyghur Congress.

"More than 2,000 people have been subjected to forced re-education and fines that range from 50 yuan to 5,000 yuan (U.S. $8 to $800)," he said.

"Among them were more than 600 women and children."

He said local authorities had issued a notice requiring any ethnic minority Uyghurs entering Aksu to register with police and obtain a certificate of "no crimes committed," though no such requirement exists for China's majority Han Chinese population.

The raids had also focused on mosques and nearby shops in the Aksu region, where authorities had confiscated large amounts of religious literature and DVDs, Raxit said.

"Actually, the campaign against religious activities has spread across the whole of Xinjiang," he said. "In Urumqi, there are police waiting at the railway station and the racetracks and carrying out checks on a residential community at Lengkushan."

"Anyone they think looks suspicious is being stopped and searched," Raxit said, adding that large numbers of "illegal" religious DVDs and publications had been confiscated in Kashgar, in the region's south.

Official denial

An official who answered the phone at the Aksu prefectural religious affairs bureau denied that more than 100 Uyghurs had been detained there.

Calls to the local police department were re-routed to the state security police branch, where a person answering the phone said it was a wrong number.

An employee who answered the phone at a neighborhood committee office in Aksu city said the clampdown was common knowledge, and that no one was now allowed to hold religious meetings or ceremonies in their own homes.

"This isn't just a recent thing; we have always carried out strict searches," she said. "This is an ethnic minority region, and a region of religious belief."

"Wherever you are, they will ferret out illegal religious activities," the employee said.

Meanwhile, in the regional capital of Urumqi, a resident surnamed Zhang said that police had been signing security contracts with business owners since last month and putting up notices in shops, warning people of the additional security measures and searches for "unstable elements."

"If you are renting out rooms, then you have a responsibility to ensure that guests don't engage in any illegal activities in them," Zhang said. "There was an open letter calling on people to inform, and encouraging people to engage in online surveillance and so on."

Last year, Beijing ramped up security before and during for the five-day China-Eurasia Expo trade fair in Urumqi. The added security measures came in the wake of separate attacks in the Silk Road cities of Kashgar and Hotan that killed more than 30 people in July.

Reported by RFA's Uyghur service and Hai Nan for RFA's Cantonese service. Translated by Dolkun Kamberi and Luisetta Mudie. Written in English by Luisetta Mudie and Parameswaran Ponnudurai.

河北保定五千教师罢课 抗议政府克扣工资福利

   
    自由亚洲电台2012-02-29报导
     (博讯 boxun.com)
    河北保定高碑店市近五千中小学教师连续两日罢课。教师公开致信学生家长,表示罢课是为抗议政府克扣工资福利的无奈选择。许多民众表示理解并支持教师维权行为。
   
    河北保定高碑店市近五千中小学教师周一开始罢课,周二蔓延至部分乡镇中小学。教师们照常到校上班,但只组织学生自习并不教授课程。
   
    记者致电多所中小学询问情况。
   
    私立一中的管理人员表示知道有教师罢课的情况,私立学校教师未加入罢课,不是因为待遇好而是有问题及时解决。
   
    “私立学校比不上公立学校待遇高,私立学校也不是没有矛盾,有矛盾就得及时解决,再一个跟老师们得多沟通。”
   
    罢课教师自上周四起,通过网络以及向家长印发传单的形式发布《高市教师致广大学生家长的一封信》。
   
    信中说,罢课是教师们“走投无路”的选择。长期以来高市教师待遇低下,十几年教龄月薪仅1300元,无法改善住房条件,不敢生病,只能在温饱线上挣扎。他们向有关部门提出八项诉求,其中包括:足额补发独生子女费,并说明被克扣的相关财政拨款去向;补发从国家规定时间开始的第十三个月工资及利息;兑现、补发被挪用的每月五百元物价补贴以及增加工资福利透明度,出示停发、扣发福利的政府文件等。
    
    老师们说:“我们没有足够的理由要求学生学好知识,因为教师的知识首先已经严重贬值;我们也没有理由要求学生遵纪守法,因为我们的政府首先在亵渎法律;我们也没有理由继续无私奉献,因为我们的奉献在一定程度上助长了政府的腐败;我们更没有理由支持某些公务员先生的工作,因为我们不想永远成为愚民政策的受害者。我们唯一要做的是,为自己合理、合法的权益而抗争。我们没有过多的奢望,只是首先通过停课请愿,唤起社会各界真正了解我们的生存现状,将尊师重教落实在行动上。”
    
    罢课教师表示,若得不到正面回应,他们将会不断抗争,甚至游行、上访等。
   
    本台记者周三致电高碑店市政府,接听官员证实教师连续两日罢课政府出面解决,但拒绝透露具体解决方案。
   
    记者:市政府是不是已经出面处理这件事?
   
    官员:对,是
   
    记者:请问怎么处理的。
   
    官员:您打宣传部
   
    记者接着打电话到市委宣传部,一位官员说:“早就上课了,有问题早就解决了。”
   
    记者:怎么解决的呢?
   
    官员:我不太熟悉。
   
    记者继而试图向教育局询问情况,接听官员问明身份后很快挂断了电话。
   
    记者:是自由亚洲电台记者。
   
    官员:这不是反动的电台吗?
   
    记者:为什么叫反动电台呢?
   
    接听官员:我们这边都收不着的。
   
    对于中小学教师大面积罢课的情况,当地网民反应不一,有家长批评教师维权方法以学生利益为代价,但许多人表示理解和支持。
   
    当地一位女士说:“我感觉如果应该给的都给了,教师应该不会罢工。”
   
    但她希望教师考虑其他方式维权。
   
    “如果说开不出工资什么的你可以找领导去抗议,但是最好不要波及到学生。”
   
    另一位当地人说,得知教师罢课后,他比较了解本地和其他地区的教师收入。
   
    “比他们同行业的我感觉低。我外地也有亲戚朋友,也有人打电话问是不是你们这儿教师们闹事了,我也通过他们问了问说你们那儿老师开多少钱,可是都比高碑店高。”
   
    对于教师一千多元的月薪,他说:“我感觉,现在说句不好听的话,捡垃圾的也许都能挣一千多块钱。”
   
    对于教师罢课的行为,他说:“要针对我孩子来说就说不应该这么办。可是要是站在自己的立场如果我是教师的话,我要上班我肯定是挣一千五的不挣一千的。”
   
    有学生发帖说:为什么老师医生就只有责任没有权利了?我是学生,我支持老师维护自己的正当权益。我们理解老师。
   

全国人大代表17个被罢免 5个被判死刑


万维读者网    2012-02-28 19:26:30
                图:28日,北京人民大会堂北门为全国两会安装的安检设备已经就位。中新社
万维读者网记者蓝天白云综合报道:据人民日报北京2月28日电,人大常委会第七十七次委员长会议听取了副委员长兼秘书长李建国作的关于十一届全国人大五次会议议程草案、主席团和秘书长名单草案、列席人员名单草案,以及全国人大常委会代表资格审查委员会关于个别代表的代表资格的报告和有关任免案审议情况的汇报等。
根据财新网的归纳统计,第十一届全国人大代表于2008年1月选举产生,共有2987名代表,截至目前,在近4年的时间里,已有17个人大代表资格被罢免。
17个被罢免的第十一届全国人大代表列表如下:
其中重庆和广东省的最多,各有3人,河南省有2人,北京、河北、山西、内蒙古、吉林、广西、云南、新疆、福建各1人。
从时间上看,2008年被罢免人大资格的有3人,2009年有5人,2010年有3人,2011年有6人。
被罢免的17人中,有8人因贪腐被判刑,其中许宗衡、沈长富、李晓枫、米凤君、蒋勇5人被判处死刑,缓期二年执行,另有2人被判处无期徒刑,1人被判处有期徒刑15年。
8人中贪腐金额在千万以上的有5人,其中重庆广电集团原总裁李晓枫的贪腐金额在5000万以上,乌鲁木齐铁路局原局长宋德玺的贪腐金额在4500万以上。
“两会”一级警备北京5万公安停休


另据香港文汇报报道,全国“两会”临近,北京安保工作已进入实战状态。北京市公安局负责人表示,今年“两会”安保是中共十八大安保的重要组成部分,也是十八大安保的一次重要练兵。为确保“两会”万无一失,北京警方成立了总指挥部及9个分指挥部,并按照十八大安保目标,制定了社会面控制方案、安全警卫方案以及相关专项方案预案。
北京警方将以首都中心区、会场、住地以及人员密集场所、“三高”部位为重点,加强了街面巡逻和盘查检查,严格查控核录。“两会”期间,人民大会堂、天安门及两会驻地等重点场所均将实施一级警备。知情人士透露,一级警备意味着全北京5万公安人员全部停休。此外,还有武警、军队和数十万社会群防力量参与。
从3月1日至20日,北京将启动方案对二、三环路段及代表行车路线涉及的路段桥梁、地下通道定点看护。
北京警方领导要求相关部门对“两会”会场、住地、路线、代表委员可能涉足场所等重点地区,细化防范措施,确保绝对安全。要保持严打高压态势,决不允许发生危害代表委员人身财产安全的治安刑事案件。据悉,去年“两会”北京市启用了70余万名安保志愿者参与安保,今年将不会低于去年。

Tuesday, February 28, 2012

两会前北京强化安保管制 访民遭遣返出租车照罢工

   
    自由亚洲电台2012-02-28报导
   
    全国两会召开前夕,北京周二凌晨开始限制进京车辆,而北京出租车司机却发起罢工行动;与此同时,警方在各信访部门搜捕遣返大批访民。
   
    图片:北京星期二起实行交通管制(新浪微博/网民菊花提供)
    两会前北京强化安保管制 访民遭遣返出租车照罢工

    全国两会开幕在即,这被看做中共十八大前最重要的会议。
   
    在面临政改的声浪的夹击、将要换届选举的多重政治环境变化的状况之下,政协和人大两会将先后于3月3日和5日在北京人民大会堂召开。平常戒备森严的北京城比往常更森严。
   
    北京交管部门下达规定,自星期二凌晨开始,到3月17日24时,这期间将采取临时交通管制措施,而外地进京车辆如货车和客车则要办理相应的通行证,有效期则是三天和七天。
   
    北京交管部门表示,禁止外地运送剧毒化学物品车辆进入北京市区范围,限制外地车辆在五环内运送生产物资;
   
    外地车辆进入北京五环必须办理进京通行证;
   
    运送生产物资的车辆将走绿色通道,特殊车辆将照顾放行;
   
    救护车不受上述临时交通管制措施限制。
    
    有民众在微博上表示,当局想在两会前加强管制交通,但出租车的罢工却破坏了他们的计划。
   
    据了解,北京多个区的出租车从星期一开始罢工,不断有市民在微博中抱怨打不到车,甚至路面上看不到车,也有的招手不停。
   
    一位北京居民王先生星期二告诉本台记者,虽然给自己带来不便,但是我支持出租车司机的这个行动。他们也是为自己争取一些权益。虽然会影响到我们出行,但是我们还是支持出租车司机们的。
   
    一名网民表示,一位出租车司机告诉他,一个月开车也只有三到四千元,无法养家,如果十年前还可以过活,如今物价飞涨,已经过不了活。而管理费过高以及油价问题是主要导致罢工的原因。
   
    北京作家余耕在新浪微博表示:“北京出租车行业的管理,跟黑社会收保护费是一个性质;少数收保护费的人富得流油,而满大街的出租司机不敢休假、不敢生病,因为每个月20天在为份子钱打工,只有 10天时间为自己的生存赚钱!”
   
    罢工发生后,据《新华社》星期二消息,交通运输部、人社部、全国总工会星期一联合召开全国出租车行业创建和谐劳动关系的会议,称让出租车司机有尊严的劳动,以及保障他们的劳动报酬权、休假权。
   
    两会前夕,不仅是出租车司机维护自己权益发起罢工,各地访民也借此机会去北京维护自己的权益。北京也加强警力部署。公安、武警、志愿者等在各广场、地铁、车站、机场、公园、大型商场等巡逻,各大信访部门入驻了多地的截访人员。
   
    据六四天网报道,成都访民蔡文金、李廷慧等人到北京最高法院信访,还没有领到表格,便被截访人员送往黑监狱久敬庄。
   
    蔡文金星期二告诉本台记者:“他们大概是晚上九点多左右把我们绑出来,然后就把我们关进了久敬庄。”
   
    记者:你们大概有多少人?
   
    蔡文金:我们27个人到北京上访。
   
    记者:今天要把你们送回去是吧?
   
    蔡文金:现在已经在遣返半路上。我们是在高级人民法院按照程序先填表,他们就出来人把我们赶出来了。
   
    另一位访民蔡女士也强调他们是合法上访。
   
    “我们都是按照程序走的,没有哪个人去冲击。她表示虽然她们被遣送回去,但是仍然会找机会于两会期间来北京上访。”
   
    而据网民在网络中公布的消息称,此次北京召开两会,当局部署安保人员超过70万人,而参与两会的各地政协人大的委员,代表也仅仅只有5000多人。也有网民担心,两会期间将到北京出差,担心被当做上访人员暴力对待,甚至被送至久敬庄。
   
    本文来源:自由亚洲电台

新疆喀什发生砍人事件,12人死亡

    (美国之音) 中国官方的新华社报道,中国新疆喀什地区叶城县星期二傍晚发生砍人事件,导致10多人死亡。
   
     报道说,事件发生在叶城县幸福路市场。报道援引目击者的话说,手持凶器的嫌疑人砍死十多人,另外还有部分民众受伤。报道说,警方当场击毙至少两名嫌疑人,抓捕行动还在进行中。 (博讯 boxun.com)
   
    英国广播 公司的报道说,该消息发布之后不久,“喀什”即被微博屏蔽,相关消息也被过滤。
   
    新疆维吾尔自治区最近几年暴力不断, 2009年7月日发生乌鲁木齐七五事件,该事件导致至少156人死亡。喀什去年也发生两起恐怖事件,导致至少13名无辜民众死亡,40多人受伤。

薄熙来请辞? 重庆市长连说了两次:胡说八道!

    (中央社)重庆市委书记薄熙来传出请辞,重庆市市委副书记、重庆市市长黄奇帆今天在北京被记者问到此事时,连说了两次「胡说八道」,随即不再回应相关问题。
   
     黄奇帆下午应邀出席在北京举行的「2012金凤凰金融理财盛典」活动时,被大陆和港台及国际媒体团团包围,但大家关切的不是金融议题,而是有关因重庆市副市长、前公安局长王立军所引发的各种传闻和事件。 (博讯 boxun.com)
    黄奇帆现身会场后立刻被大批媒体包围,但在工作人员的护持下,匆匆进入贵宾室休息;当活动开始时,黄奇帆又在工作人员的护持下进入会场,并对媒体的询问毫无回应,但当媒体问到薄熙来是否真的请辞时,黄奇帆连说了两次「胡说八道」。
   
    在黄奇帆上台讲述他认为中国大陆应该开放离岸金融结算业务,以免被新加坡、香港、爱尔兰等地赚走,并陈述重庆发展离岸金融经济的现状后随即离去,再度遇到媒体的包围阵仗,但这次黄奇帆不再回答任何问题,只在工作人员的护送下,快步走到电梯,搭电梯离去。
   
    由薄熙来带往重庆的「打黑英雄」王立军,今年2月初突然被调离公安局长一职,随后前往美国驻成都领事馆待了1天后离开,之后遭大陆当局派人带往北京接受调查,现在状况成谜。
   
    媒体、网路各种传闻不断,日前还报导王立军在美国领事馆提供薄熙来的腐败资料,并已向中共中央纪律检查委员会揭发薄熙来妻子谷开来的腐败问题,例如向海外转移资产,以及薄熙来儿子的问题等。
   
    黄奇帆今天的回应,则是针对香港媒体传出薄熙来已在中共中央政治局会议上请辞市委书记的传闻,而重庆市委宣传部当下就予以否认。
   
    重庆市政府在王立军前往美国领事馆的消息曝光后曾说,他在接受「休假式的治疗」。大陆外交部则在9日表示,王立军于6日进入美国驻成都领事馆,滞留1天后离开,但未说明相关细节。

Mao’s Great Famine Reexamined

2012-02-24
Experts and survivors take a new look at China’s man-made famine.
Photo courtesy of Wikipedia.
Chinese farmers attempt to make steel by melting down pots and pans at the start of the Great Leap Forward in 1958.
Why should anyone care about a famine in China that occurred more than half a century ago?

And what relevance could it have for a China that has changed so dramatically in recent decades?

First, the issue is still a sensitive one in China, where the Communist Party’s legitimacy depends partly on portraying Mao as a great leader.

The official line: Mao made some mistakes but mostly benefited the country. Until recent years, many of the internal documents countering this conclusion were not publicly available.

Second, this famine was no small, localized event. Recently discovered documents reveal that the death toll was much higher than originally thought.

Chairman Mao Zedong’s Great Leap Forward of 1958-60, which was aimed at collectivizing China’s farms and boosting production, ended up instead producing the biggest famine in world history.

Censorship worked

Third, the party’s censors have effectively obliterated the memory among many Chinese of this dark period and Mao’s role in it.

Even in the Internet age, when news in China sometimes moves at lightning speed through microblogs, China’s younger generation and even some urban, educated middle-aged Chinese appear to know little of the famine or the other disasters created by Mao.

Chinese textbooks have dismissed the famine as “three years of natural disasters.”

Now the record has been set straight in a comprehensive way by a conference of famine survivors and both Chinese and foreign experts.

The conference organized Feb. 15-16 by the Laogai Research Foundation’s executive director and former political prisoner Harry Wu has helped to eliminate any doubts that the famine was man-made or that Mao was chiefly responsible for it.

The conference opened at the Heritage Foundation in Washington D.C.

Jasper-Becker-harry-wu.jpg
Laogai Research Foundation Executive Director Harry Wu (left) with Jasper Becker discussing the Great Leap Forward in Washington, Feb. 15, 2012. Photo: RFA

Mao knew

As Dutch historian Frank Dikotter said at the conference, the most sensitive information about Mao’s great famine still remains locked up inside China.

But Dikotter was nevertheless able to examine more than a thousand documents from all over China.

His conclusion: Mao Zedong knew what was happening in the countryside. He knew about the famine deaths. He knew that local officials had frequently launched violent attacks on farmers who resisted collectivization or failed to meet grain production quotas.

And Mao pushed to extract more grain from the farmers. He then ordered exports of large amounts of it, “all the while denying the masses the food they themselves had produced,” according to former Xinhua News Agency reporter and conference speaker Yang Jisheng, who has the documents to back this up.

I  should acknowledge a personal interest in this because I wrote a two-part series of investigative reports for The Washington Post in 1994 that showed that the number of people who died in more than a dozen repressive, often violent, Mao-made political campaigns between 1950 and 1976  was millions higher than previously thought.

Mao Zedong’s deadly toll has clearly surpassed those of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin—the two people most associated with mass deaths in the 20th century.

The West’s failure

In his 1996 book Hungry Ghosts, Jasper Becker, a veteran China correspondent from the United Kingdom, has documented the failure of many Western experts and prominent foreigners to recognize at the time the enormity of what happened in China during the famine years.

China’s greatest human disaster ever came in the famine of 1958-62. But for decades afterward many Western scholars studying China denied or could not believe that a famine had occurred.

Many tended to believe that Mao’s policies were well meaning but badly implemented at the local level, or simply that they had unintended consequences.  Chinese government guided tours also misled some foreigners.

Then more information began to seep out. In the 1990s, Judith Bannister, a demographer at the U.S. Census Bureau, put the famine death toll at about 30 million.

 An even higher figure—43 million—came from Chen Yizi, a former Chinese official who spent years researching the subject. Becker and I took that figure seriously.

Yet for years, many Western and Chinese academics continued to avoid the subject or even to deny that such a widespread famine could have occurred.

Inside China, there are no reminders—no museum or monument to honor the tens of millions of victims.

Cover-up continues

Chinese textbooks continue to briefly mention the “three years of natural disasters.”

But this was far from a result of natural disasters.

According to Becker, figures from the Chinese Central Meteorological Center show that China had fewer floods and droughts in 1960 and 1961 than in many preceding years. 

And a new volume of official Chinese Communist Party history published last year that covers the period 1949-1978 claims that Mao realized that there were problems with the Great Leap Forward and that Mao “worked hard to correct them.”

Frank Dikotter says that this is simply not true.

He concludes that 45 million people “died unnecessarily” between 1958 and 1962. He has based his findings on official documents collected from dozens of party, government, and public security archives from all over China. 

More than a famine
He also makes the point that the word “famine” may obscure the scope of the violence involved  in the collectivization drive that led to the famine.

“The blithe use of the term ‘famine’ … tends to support the widespread view that these deaths  were the unintended consequence of half-baked and poorly executed economic programmes,” Dikotter said.

“Mass killings are not usually associated with Mao and the Great Leap Forward, and China continues to benefit from a more favorable comparison with the devastation associated with Cambodia and the Soviet Union.”

“But as fresh archival evidence demonstrates, coercion, terror and systematic violence were the foundation of the Great Leap Forward … people died prematurely of many man-made causes, from torture and summary execution to deliberate starvation.”

Many of the conference participants were Chinese. Some of them, survivors of the famine, were speaking up in public for the first time.

More even than archival documents, their wrenching personal stories will perhaps convey the truth at last.

China Detains More Defectors

2012-02-26
Beijing is holding more North Korean defectors than reported.
AFP
South Korean rights activists shout slogans outside the Chinese embassy in Seoul demanding that Beijing scrap plans to repatriate North Korean refugees, Feb. 21, 2012.
China has detained more North Korean defectors this month than previously thought by monitoring groups, with most of the refugees facing imminent deportation and possible execution at home, sources say.

The sources close to a U.S. nongovernmental group, which has workers on the ground in China to help North Korean defectors, also gave the names of several of those caught in a bid to debunk claims by Pyongyang that there were no such defections.

Nearly 40 North Koreans were detained as they crossed the border into China in separate incidents this month, according to the U.S. nongovernmental group, the sources told RFA.

Monitoring groups and media reports had earlier stated that between 29 and 33 North Korean defectors were caught by Chinese authorities in February, of whom nine were believed to have been already repatriated.

Beijing had deported the nine a week ago despite pleas by Seoul not to send them back as they faced the risk of being tortured or even executed by the hardline regime in Pyongyang.

"Reports have stated that the number of defectors facing imminent forcible repatriation ranges from 29 to 33, but according to this NGO’s records and their [sources] in the field, the number of those recently arrested is 39," one source told RFA.

"According to the same NGO, it appears that nine of the 39 were repatriated about a week ago," the source said, declining to name the NGO due to security reasons.

The NGO was involved in helping five of the 39 defectors before they were caught by the Chinese authorities, according to the sources.

It identified the five as Lee Seung-Bok, Chae Keum-Hwa, Lee Myung-Sook, Kang Eun-Hyang, and Myung-Kwon.

They were among a group of defectors detained by Chinese security police in the the northeastern Chinese city of Shenyang, the sources said.

"We are providing the names of some of these defectors to show that North Korea's denial of the Chinese detention of the defectors has no basis," the source said.

Red Cross

Pyongyang said on Saturday that the question of North Korean defectors was an attempt by South Korea to defame its communist neighbor.

"The North Korean defector issue is not an issue of refugees but the outcome of efforts by hostile forces to isolate the DRPK in the international community and to lure and abduct our people," the North's Red Cross Society said in a statement, using the country's official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea or DPRK.

South Korea's Yonhap News Agency reported last week that nine defectors had been repatriated.

"My brother in North Korea called me, and said that my female cousin who crossed into China in late February was caught and sent back to North Korea," a North Korean defector told Yonhap, asking not to be named.

She said that along with her cousin, eight other North Korean defectors were also caught by Chinese police and repatriated to their homeland.

UN meeting

South Korea has said that it plans to raise China's forcible repatriation of North Korean defectors at a U.N. Human Rights Council meeting in Switzerland later this month.

Rights group Amnesty International had said that if returned to North Korea, illegal border crossers typically face arbitrary detention, torture and other ill-treatment, and forced labor.

They are also at risk of enforced disappearance in North Korea, Amnesty said.

Although China is a state party to the U.N. Refugee Convention, it has prevented the U.N. refugee agency, the UNHCR, from gaining access to North Koreans in China.

'Economic reasons'
China argues that the North Koreans crossed the border for "economic reasons," but rights groups have said that Beijing's claim does not hold water.

"Even if North Korea's endemic economic crisis may be one of the reasons of defection, its causes are political and not exclusively economic," said Greg Scarlatoiu, the executive director of the Washington-based Committee for Human Rights in North Korea.

"Moreover, if forcibly repatriated, North Korean refugees in China face harsh punishment. So, once in China, they automatically become refugee sur place [refugee on site] and should be granted refugee status," he said.

More than 21,700 North Koreans have fled to the South since the 1950-1953 war, the vast majority in recent years. They typically escape on foot to China, hide out, and then travel to a third country to seek resettlement in the South.

Reported by Parameswaran Ponnudurai.

Outcry Over Bear-Bile Farming

2012-02-27
Chinese netizens campaign against the extraction of bile from live animals for use in traditional medicine.
IMAGINECHINA
A farm worker extracts bile from a bear in Huian, south China's Fujian province, Feb. 22, 2012.
Millions of Chinese netizens have joined a campaign against bear-farming amid a public outcry over the extraction of bear bile used in traditional Chinese medicine from live, caged animals.

A poll on the popular news and chat site QQ.com calling on people to oppose the practice, which involves inserting catheters into the gall bladders of live, captive bears, had garnered more than four million votes by Monday evening local time.

Bear bile has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 1,000 years, and is believed to combat fever, protect the liver, and improve eyesight.

In 2003, China stopped exporting bear-bile products, approved no new bile extracting facilities, and prohibited the hunting of wild bears, according to the state forestry administration. However, the authorities stopped short of banning bear bile extraction outright.

Animal rights campaigners and journalists say they have been refused permission to tour the facilities at the Guizhentang bear farm in southeastern Fujian province, while traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have accused the media of staging photographs and distorting the practice.

"They are torturing these bears to death," said a protester identified as Taozi who took part in an exhibition of paintings outside Guizhentang's gates at the weekend. "We eat meat, that is fine, but these acts of slow torture are extremely cruel."

"If we were to kill the animals we eat slowly and in great pain, we would feel that this was unacceptable ... We are no longer in an age where we rip things apart and drink their blood, and yet such primitive and brutal actions are still happen at Guizhentang."

Public campaign

Animal rights groups also staged a protest outside the Shenzhen headquarters of Guizhentang, which failed in an attempt to list on Hong Kong's Growth Enterprise index following a public campaign against bear bile extraction.

Protesters wearing face masks waved banners and placards outside the company, and gathered signatures from passers-by for a petition against the practice.

Campaigners first caught the attention of Chinese netizens in early 2011, with their expose of methods commonly used to draw bear bile for Chinese medicine.

In 1996, Guangdong authorities rescued nine Asiatic black bears from an illegal bear bile farm in Huizhou city where the animals had cuts made in their abdomens and metal catheters connected with rubber tubes inserted to extract the bile while they were alive.

A strong message

The International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) funded a high-profile rescue project, where five of the bears, also known as moon bears, were cared for at a nursery in Panyu city.

The project has cost the group more than 20 million yuan over the past few years, but sent a very strong message to the Chinese public, according to IFAW's Asia regional director Grace Ge Gabriel.

"Ever since the 1980s and the 1990s, the voices raised against the practice of bear-bile farming have been getting louder and louder," Grace Ge Gabriel said in a recent interview with RFA's Mandarin service.

"Not only have the companies failed to change their practices, but they are even trying to get their products listed on stock markets, so the chorus of protest has been very fierce."

Fang Shuting, head of the China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine held a press conference on Feb. 16 to tell journalists that reports of cruelty in bear-bile farming were grossly over-exaggerated.

Fang accused "certain organizations" of using graphic photos to mislead the public and malign the industry, calling for "scientific conservation, rational use and sustainable development."

Ge Gabriel said that a large number of companies are now taking advantage of loopholes and gaps in Chinese legislation to ply their trade, and that only three percent of traditional herbal prescriptions have any animal components at all.

"A lot of these companies are trumpeting the ancient benefits of bear bile in order to further their own economic interests," she said.

"Actually, their actions have given traditional Chinese medicine a bad name internationally."

Reported by Xin Yu and Jill Ku for RFA's Mandarin service. Translated and written in English by Luisetta Mudie.

Guangdong Police Seize Lawyers' Books

2012-02-27
Chinese authorities confiscate 'historical, theoretical' works that were openly sold in bookstores.
EyePress News
Chinese youngsters at a book stall in Guangzhou in August, 2010.
Authorities in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong have called in a number of prominent rights activists and lawyers for questioning in recent days, confiscating a number of books about democracy and the rule of law from some of them.
The move came after local activists Xiao Yong, Tang Jingling and Jiang Dongsheng met on Saturday.

"We were going to go and eat first, then we took some books to Tang Jingling's home, because he loves to read," Xiao, who hails from Hunan province but is based in Guangzhou, said in an interview on Monday.

"Then we were taken to the Huanghuagang police station, where we were questioned for four hours," said Xiao, who works at the nongovernment pro-democracy Mr. De Research Institute.

He said police wanted to know whether Saturday's meeting had been planned in advance, and who had invited them.

"They confiscated all the books we had planned to take to Tang's house," Xiao added.

Xiao, who has carried out cutting-edge investigations into the psychiatric detention of ordinary Chinese who lodge complaints against the government, as well as campaigning on behalf of the Cantonese language, is no stranger to police attention.

He was detained for 15 days by city authorities in October 2010 for "incitement to an illegal demonstration," before being escorted back to his registered hometown in the southern province of Hunan by China's state security police.

Xiao had joined a campaign organized by netizens as a rapid response to comments by a Guangzhou lawmaker in favor of Mandarin programming instead of the local dialect of Cantonese.

Historical accounts

Tang, a lawyer who lost his license to practice after he represented petitioners, victims of medical malpractice and tainted medicines, as well as rights activists, said the books consisted of historical accounts by ordinary people and theoretical books about democracy and the rule of law.

"All of these books were official publications of domestic Chinese publishing companies," said Tang, who is now a leading Chinese authority on nonviolent protest and civil disobedience.

"That day it was raining, and we were taking shelter from the rain in the pavilion in the Huanghuagang Park," Tang said. "At around 4.00 p.m. we saw that the rain had eased off and were about to leave ... when suddenly [the police] came running up from behind us and prevented us from leaving."

"They said they wanted to search through our things ... There were a lot of police and security guards, and even their section chief showed up later," he said. "They surrounded and searched us."

He said police also confiscated the activists' phones for the duration of their questioning. "But they wouldn't give the books back," he said.

Books openly sold

Xiao said police had told him that the books which included The Details of Democracy by Liu Yu, and The Deep Places of History by Liu Da were "illegal publications."

"All of them are on sale at the Xinhua bookshop and at other bookshops," he said. "They said that the books were listed as illegal publications on the website of the General Administration for Press and Publications."

An officer who answered the phone at the Huanghuagang police station declined to comment on the incident.

"I don't know the actual details," the officer said. "If you need to know something, you can come to Huanghuagang and ask."

Meanwhile, Sichuan-based rights activist Chen Yunfei was stopped at a border crossing on his way back home following a visit to Hong Kong, the Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) website said.

Chen subsequently arrived safely back in Chengdu, according to fellow activist Huang Xiaomin, but a number of Hong Kong-published magazines, including Kaifang and Trend, were confiscated at the border.

Reported by Qiao Long for RFA's Mandarin service. Translated and written in English by Luisetta Mudie.

中国人大代表财富远超美国议员?

   
    来源:美国之音 记者: 杨明
   
    中国全国人大会议现场(资料照片) 图片来源: 美国之音张楠
    中国人大代表财富远超美国议员?

    美国著名财经媒体报道说,中国最富有的70名人大代表2011年新增资产超过美国立法、司法和行政三个部门660名高官净资产的总和。此间分析认为,中国贫富差距持续扩大,腐败以及农民土地被侵占等社会问题,将对新一代领导人构成巨大的挑战。

*70人大代表新增财富超过660名美国三权高官*
   
    在中国将于3月5日在北京召开每年一度的人大政协两会前夕,“彭博新闻社”星期一发表了一篇题为“中国人大代表亿万富翁使国会山的同行看上去像贫民”的文章。报道说,中国人大最富有的70名代表去年新增财富,超过美国全部535名参众两院议员、总统和内阁部长,以及9名大法官财富的总和。
   
    根据中国“胡润百富”的资料,2011年中国人大最富有的70名代表净资产总和达到人民币5658亿元,相当于898亿美元,比2010年增加115亿美元。报道说,相比之下,美国立法、司法和行政三个部门的660名高官的净资产总额仅为75亿美元。
   
    榜上有名的人大代表包括中国财富排行第二、拥有人民币680亿元资产的杭州娃哈哈集团董事长宗庆后,以及身价420亿元人民币的中国女首富、北京龙湖集团董事长吴亚军。

*中国人均GDP仅为美国的十五分之一*
   
    彭博新闻社说,中国人大代表收入的增加,反映了中国经济增长的不平衡。中国2010年人均GDP仅为2425美元,与美国的GDP人均37,527美元相差15倍。报道认为,这一差距是新一代中国领导人要应对因非法侵占农民土地以及腐败引发的社会动荡加剧的挑战。

*李侃如:财富和政治联姻如此程度*
   
    报道引述华盛顿智库布鲁金斯学会中国中心主任李侃如的话说,看到这种程度的财富和政治联姻,令人惊奇。这生动地显示了中国人民对于极度财富不均的普遍怨愤。
   
    美国伊利诺伊州的西北大学教授史宗瀚对彭博新闻社说,由于中国法治和财产权的相对薄弱,中国富人有非常强烈的动机要成为体制内的人,因为作为人大代表,他的商业和政治对手不能轻易地将他投入监狱或没收他的财产。
   
    李侃如说,中国人大并不是什么权力中心,但作为人大代表,肯定能让你深入地接触政治体制。

*胡润:中国隐形亿万富翁更多*
   
    “胡润百富”创始人、总裁胡润估计,胡润百富排行榜每发现一名中国亿万富翁,就遗漏了另外一名亿万富翁,显示中国人大代表和美国国会议员之间的差距可能会更大。

*戴晴:权力资本结合致富 以百姓环境资源为代价*
   
    中国政治和社会观察家戴晴女士说,中国体制内的亿万富翁绝不止胡润百富名列的数字,这让中国的老百姓感到不平和愤怒。
   
    她说:“中国的制度就是权力和资本的结合,以及如何影响市场,怎么把所有能够得到的利润,都赚到这些权贵资本的人的手里。”
   
    戴晴指出,中国权力和资本的结合,是以牺牲普通老百姓利益为代价的,以资源浪费、环境和河流污染为代价的。
   
    彭博新闻社说,很多最富有的中国人大代表是房地产行业的大亨,包括吴亚军,这个行业引发了很多不同程度的抗议示威,致使城市居民和农村人口的财富差距扩大。

*人大代表亿万富翁 财富和共产党关系水乳交融*
   
    报道引述澳大利亚墨尔本大学教授家博的话说,中国人大代表中有这么多亿万富翁表明财富和共产党之间水乳交融的关系。他说,在中国体制的各个层面似乎都有地方官员和企业家同流合污,中饱私囊,从而引发了许多抗议示威事件。
   
    中国将在今年进行最高领导人权力过渡,新领导人将如何应对贫富差距拉大、不平等、腐败泛滥,以及此起彼伏的抗议事件,是他们必须要面对的最大挑战。
   
    政治观察人士戴晴说,中国的变革不要寄希望于新领导人的更迭,10年前胡温上台时,人民就曾对他们寄予很高的期望。但10年过去了,中国的状况变得越来越糟糕。她说,现在唯一能寄托的希望,就是整个中国民众的觉醒,以及整个政治体制一点点向好的方向发生改变。
   

Sunday, February 26, 2012

谁是中国目前最强势的人物?

    
    有人说是领导,有人说警察,有人说有富翁,那全猜错了。
     (博讯 boxun.com)
    无论你多大官,看一看刘少奇。
   
    无论你是什么样的警察,看一看杜培武。
   
    无论你多么富,看一看黄光裕。
   
    我告诉你:在目前,没有一个人最强势的,从官到民,全是弱势。
   
    刘志军在位时强势吧?结果下台后,没有一家报纸提及他在任时推动了铁路发展。
   
    陈良宇在位时强势吧?上海世博会倒计时钟是他敲响的,下台后,没一家报纸提及他的政绩。难道他一件好事都没做过吗!
   
    刘少奇在位时强势吧?结果被说成大汉奸大工贼,竟无一人吱声反对。
   
    谁是最强势,体制。
   
    这个邪恶的体制让强势人物有权时强势到一手遮天,无权时弱得像一只鸡。有权时,你可以肆意地凌辱别人,无权时,别人也可以肆意地凌辱你。
   
    这个吃人体制,让强势人物掌权时可以封杀住任何人对自己不利的报道,结果无权时,即使是一个小人物也敢在他身上踹三脚。现在都说指名道姓地批评陈良宇,说刘志军有情妇,这就是明证。
   
    想想江青,无比凄凉,每当我看到报上说老干部在文革不买江青的账时,我乐了。想想吧,毛活着时,多少人想巴结江青,现在人家下台了,全说自己英雄无敌。
   
    想一想,毛在世时把孔子批得像个孙子,现在,孔子雕像就站在毛纪念堂对面叫板。这个体制能把白的说成黑的,把黑的变成白的。
   
    如果公开民主透明执政:刘少奇不会惨死,陈良宇也可以为自己说话。
   
    刘志军也敢说,我不光是玩女人,我也推动了铁路发展。
   
    结果,当官要说套话,他们怕组织误会他。
   
    老百姓不敢说真话,他们怕上网追逃。
   
    从里到外,从官到民,都不敢说真话。
   
    让人说话,说真话。
   
    因为没有一个民族,国家,或团体,在说假话,空话,套话中复兴。历史的教训历历在目。

吴英若死将危害执政党/盛洪

   
    来源:金融家
     (博讯 boxun.com)
    ●我们虽然不知道吴英案的全部细节,从而无法判断吴英案的真正性质,但是我们确切地知道,这个案件存在众多疑点和巨大争议,其中还包含了涉及浙江省高级法院本身卷入本案丑闻的重大疑问。如果在这种情况下,最高法院仍然核准这一死刑判决,问题就不只局限于浙江一隅了,而是严重危害了中央政府和执政党的政治合法性。
   
    吴英案涉及两个重要问题,一是判决所依据的法律是否公正;一是依据这一法律的司法过程是否正当,特别地,就是涉及死刑的司法程序是否正当。

一、谁的“金融秩序”?
   
    从吴英案二审判决书来看,吴英的主要罪名是向公众非法集资。该判决书指出,“吴英除了本人出面向社会公众集资外,还委托不明真相的人向社会公众集资。……吴英显属向不特定的社会公众非法集资,有公众性。”其依据是《刑法》第一百七十六条的“非法吸收公众存款或者变相吸收公众存款”罪。这被作为“破坏金融管理秩序罪”的一种。为什么中国的公民不能向社会公众集资,《刑法》中的这一罪名维护的是什么样的“金融秩序”呢?
   
    这个金融秩序就是由政府直接规定商业银行的利率,以几大国有银行为主,限制公民自由进入的一个非市场的国有垄断结构。这一结构基本上是依靠对公权力的滥用,用侵夺公众与社会财富的手段掩盖自身的无效率,并坐食全民的利益的结构。据我们最近的一项研究,我们发现由中央银行直接规定的商业银行存贷款利差高达3.06%,而一般成熟的市场经济国家的商业银行存贷款利差约为1.5~2%。也就是说,如果银行业可以自由进入从而是竞争的,并且价格(即利率)是由市场决定的话,这些国有的商业银行的利差不会高到3%。而如果存款利率上升1.5%,即由于竞争利差降到1.5%的话,静态地看,2010年国有银行整体上亏损1338亿元。
   
    而国有银行的存款资源的绝大部分贷给了国有企业。据我们的《国有企业的性质、表现与改革》报告,至少工业领域的国有企业就是一个负数。2009年,国有工业企业的名义利润约为9287亿元,但扣除应交未交的地租,优惠利率贷款的利息差额,少交的资源租和政府补贴后,实际利润是负的3625亿元。由于国有企业占有了大多数贷款资源,民营企业的必然面对更为稀缺的贷款资源,从而导致融资紧张,利率高启。
   
    在另一方面,由于人为地压低存款利率,导致了作为存款人的公众的巨大损失。仅按2011年个人存款平均余额33万亿估计,利率低1.5%的存款人损失就达4950亿元。更严重的是,人为压低的存款利率直接导致了利率作为宏观经济政策一种手段的失灵。在成熟的市场经济国家中,中央银行只直接调整基础利率,即再贷款利率或再贴现利率,而由商业银行自己决定存贷款利率。这使市场自己达到存贷款的平衡。而在我国,中央银行直接规定商业银行的存贷款利率,在需要实行紧缩政策时,却倾向于提高准备金率,而迟迟不提高利率。例如,从2010年1月份开始,中央银行13上调存款准备金率,每次0.5%;而只上调了4次利率,每次上调0.25%。其效果是大大减少了现金流入银行的数量,从而是通货膨胀的重要原因之一。而无论存贷款利率怎样上调,两者之间的利差始终维持在3.06%(一年期)。在这一扭曲的政策操作背后,我们看到了国有垄断银行的利益。
   
    因此,《刑法》所维护的这一所谓“金融管理秩序”,不仅是无效率的,而且是不公正的,甚至是一种罪恶。这种《刑法》上的错误规定,本应随着市场化改革而取消,但显然因为利益集团的原因而仍然作为一种恶法保留在《刑法》中。但即使如此,如果我们意识到这一规定是错误的,就应该在司法程序中加以变通解释,而不能继续执行。如果不能如此,就是要用杀人的方法继续维护这一罪恶。这是罪上加罪。

二、司法制度存在重大缺陷
   
    在二审判决书中,如同在我国的许多其它法院判决书,存在着大量逻辑上的跳跃和荒唐的推理。在这里仅指出两个基本假设的错误。
   
    第一,否认人的主体性。浙江省高级法院审判长称,“尽管认定的集资直接对象仅10余人,但下线人员众多、涉及面广,既严重侵害不特定群众的财产利益,又严重破坏国家金融管理秩序,数额特别巨大,……”其实际含义是,与吴英签约的贷款人没有自己的主体性。按照经济学和《民法》的假定,一个成年人具有完全的法律资格和民事能力,对自己的行为包括与别人签约负完全责任。这种责任并不会因与另一个人签约而传递。如果传递,就会得出非常荒谬的结论。例如,商业银行通过向公众借款而聚集了贷款资源,如果这样的债权债务关系传递的话,一个向商业银行借款的人就等价于向公众集资。那么所有向商业银行借款的人,按照现在的《刑法》,都犯了非法向公众集资罪。
   
    第二,假设人之间的智力有高下之分。判决吴案是集资诈骗,就是说向吴英贷款数亿元的11个人是被她骗了。而这11个人不是亲友就是长年进行民间金融的人,他们不仅借出金额巨大,而且应被认为是专业人士。他们有辨别借款人的投资项目是否可行、还款能力如何、以及信用声誉的能力;他们在借出款时,有权利看到投资项目可行性报告,公司的财务报表,并实地考察。其保护自己的资产的动机强度要数倍于法院的法官。如果说他们是被骗的,无异于说他们的智力远远低于吴英,但这不符合人在智力上基本上是同等的假定。如果这样的假定是对的,一个社会就不能实行市场经济,因为被欺骗的人会遍地都是。
   
    法院判决书和浙江高级法院发言人的讲话之所以错误百出,不顾基本的常识和逻辑,并不是因为法官们的素质太低,而是由于我国目前实际实行的司法制度存在重大缺陷。在这一制度中,法院只是一个前台摆设,法院判决只是在前台的表演,真正的判决早已由政法委规定好了。所以,为了执行政法委的政治目标,法官只能不顾判决书的法理是否通顺,逻辑是否严谨,才会出现遗笑后世的荒唐判决书。而政法委作为执政党的一个机构干预司法,才是我们法院不能独立判案的真正原因。

三、死刑如何判?
   
    死刑是一个极端的惩罚,它不同于一般的刑罚,因为它涉及了人的生命。古往今来,任何一个成熟的社会和政府都会加以特殊对待。
   
    例如张之洞在《劝学篇》中说:“凡死罪必经三法司会核,秋审勾决之期,天子素服,大学士捧本,审酌再三,然后定罪,遇有庆典则停勾减等,一岁之中,勾决者天下不过二三百人,较之汉文帝岁断死刑四百,更远过之。若罪不应死而拟死者谓之‘失入’,应死而拟轻者谓之‘失出’,失入死罪一人,臬司、巡抚、兼管巡抚事之总督降一级调用,不准抵销;失出者,一案至五案止降级留任,十案以上始降调,仍声明请旨,遇有疑狱,则诏旨驳查复讯,至于再三,平反无数,具见于历朝圣训。”
   
    这段话有几层意思。第一,死刑判决要慎而又慎。既要经过多个部门的审核,又要在时间上较缓执行,一般要放到秋后才执行。这样做是避免出现错杀的失误。第二,即使判了死刑,也只是“不得不”做的事情,并不值得庆幸。所以皇帝要穿白色服装,以示悲哀。第三,即使错判难以避免,但在制度上,对错判的两个方向的惩罚是不一样的。对于不该判死刑而判了的错误(“失入”)的惩罚,要远重于对该判死刑的而没判的错误。这不仅体现了对生命价值的珍视,而且可以用制度避免滥杀无辜的系统性错误。
   
    反观吴英案中浙江法院的表现,就可以看出,他们对人的生命毫无敬畏之心。他们选择中国新年前四天宣判维持吴英的死刑,既表现出他们迫不急待的心态,又透露出他们视杀人如“过节”。浙江高级法院审判长的讲话透着杀人的快感。这显然和我国现有的制度缺陷有关。几十年来,这个社会错杀的多少人,出现了多少冤案,却没见一个错判的法官或行政官员为此负责。如此一来,这些法官们就变成了孟子谴责的“嗜杀人者”。
   
    如今,吴英的死刑判决已经进入到最高法院复核阶段。我们虽然不知道吴英案的全部细节,从而无法判断吴英案的真正性质,但是我们确切地知道,这个案件存在众多疑点和巨大争议,其中还包含了涉及浙江省高级法院本身卷入本案丑闻的重大疑问。如果在这种情况下,最高法院仍然核准这一死刑判决,问题就不只局限于浙江一隅了,而是严重危害了中央政府和执政党的政治合法性。
   
    如果吴英最终被执行死刑,那将是对正义共识的挑战,就是对社会的挑衅,对中国社会与人民,包括现在的执政党的严重侵害。
   

非法集资罪可恶到极点/茅于轼

   
     来源:金融家 (博讯 boxun.com)
   
    我觉得非法集资这个罪名是彻底不成立的,我本人就是一个非法集资的人,我是向公众吸收存款的,这是最典型的犯法,我已经做了好多年了。
   
    我在山西做的小额贷款,是扶贫的慈善性的机构,本来我用自己的钱,朋友捐赠的钱,但是这个钱数量太少了,后来我就吸收存款,在当地农村向农村的村民吸收存款,然后把钱作为小额贷款放出去。
   
    这个事情得到各方面的支持,山西省的省长写了条,非常好,要发展,要保护,银监会的领导去看了也要支持,而说要。而且他们这些领导都出钱捐赠给我这个基金会。在这个情况下你能把我抓起来吗?
   
    这说明这条法律是完全不成立的,当然我们仔细分析一下,因为我是做慈善的,所以就不抓我。请问如果我是牟利的话,是不是就要抓呢?做慈善损己利人,当然很好。但如果能够赚钱,利己利人不是更好吗,我又做了慈善,又赚了钱,为什么就不好了呢?
   
    可见这个问题思想上有严重的缺陷。你把大家的钱集来,管理上乱七八糟,把钱花完了,最后还不了了,这也是不行的。所以也不能说你做慈善你就可以非法集资,你必须把它管好,但是问题又来了,做生意是有赚有赔的,谁能保证永远不赔呢,赔了就是非法了?
   
    我们要看到这个事情的复杂性,找不出十全十美的界限来定义什么是犯罪,什么不是犯罪,既然如此法律就应该暂时不实行,经过更好的参考,我们可以参考外国,香港,美国、欧洲这些国家他们是怎么处理这些问题的,我觉得跟我们的处理完全不一样。
   
    张星水律师曾经接过陕西的一个案子,很好的一个企业它是非法集资来的,但是做得很好,创造了财富,帮助了就业,最后把他抓起来,这个企业就此完蛋。
   
    政府干了损害公民利益的事情,本来政府要保护公民利益,你把非法集资人抓起来,一个好好的企业被你搞掉了。这条法律是可恶到极点,要把这条法律废除掉。
   

江苏高邮高中生体育课猝死 学校封口推卸责任

     江苏省高邮中学17岁学生俞航2月23日下午在上体育课时突然倒地,经抢救无效身亡。据悉,事发时没有老师在场,学校也没有采取积极措施施救。博讯稍早前亦有报道。
   
     2月23日下午2时许,江苏省高邮中学高二17班俞航同学在体育课踢足球时突然倒地,在场同学立即寻找老师并拨打急救电话。据了解,体育老师和校医并没有在第一时间赶到现场,并因此耽搁了10多分钟的最佳救治时间。事后校方推卸责任,下令统一口径,并威胁学生谁说话谁就是自毁前程。更有消息称当事体育教师教唆17位学生作伪证,证明他当时在场并积极救治。 (博讯 boxun.com)
   
    人民网高邮频道发布的通稿称 “校方发现后在现场采取急救,同时拨打急救电话。不幸的是,该生送往医院后抢救无效死亡,有关部门初步确定该生为猝死。目前,当地正就善后事宜等开展工作。”
   
    目前该事件已在当地造成激烈反响。死者父亲希望通过网络引起有关部门的重视。高邮中学学生纷纷在人人网、微博发声,要求还原真相,给死者家属一个交代。
   
    以下为摘录:
    【高邮中学高二同班吴树伟同学】
    真实经过:俞航同学晕倒后被其他同学发现,10分钟后体育老师赶到现场,之前在办公室里。
    事发之后老师要求学生改口,改为:俞航同学晕倒时体育老师就在旁边,并立刻扶起他。
    无耻!
    作为老师应该在操场上,人却跑到了办公室喝茶!出事十分钟后才赶来,当然来不及,最后让高邮中学高二17班人作伪证,可耻!
    
    【高邮中学高二同班方浩轩同学】
    航爷倒在操场上时,我就在他旁边,我看到的是,我大声喊了六七声老师,但空旷的操场上没有一个老师,之后我就跑去喊班主任了,回来的时候,有几个老师在,而他们是在我同学去到保管室找到的,当时他们在聊天。我能说的就是航爷倒下两三分钟没有老师在现场。十分钟左右后,救护车就来了,而那最宝贵的抢救时间,航爷是一个人过的。航爷好走,我们等你!
    
    【高邮中学高三林语焉同学】
    大家反映,上高一,邮中出了个杀人犯,上高二有人跳楼,上高三又出有人体育课突然死亡,无法理解,学校的管理怎么那么混乱。
    
    【高邮中学高二朱文宇同学】
    通过这件事,我觉得学校有必要做出一些改变,酿成这次悲剧的罪魁祸首其实就是学校的教育、管理制度还不够严谨,其实也不止是邮中,很多很多学校都是如此:体育老师对学生的健康状况不了解。
    体育课,全称:体育与健康。这对一个体育老师的要求是很高的,这需要体育老师充分了解到学生的健康状况。比如,像俞航同学的状况,体检时有心脏问题,这些应该填入体检单,而这些体检单,在体育老师那里,应该有一个备份,这样体育老师才能知道某个或某些学生的身体是不是不适合参加某种体育活动,并对他进行建议,劝告甚至监督,而“监督”的时间,正是这次老师们在办公室喝茶,玩电脑的时间!
    
    【高邮中学高三赵丰同学】
    还是那句话,无风不起浪!退一万不说:如果当时体育老师真的在场,就不可能有同学发出“老师不在”的帖子,况且平时的体育课活动时间老师一般都是去办公室的,因此,事发当时老师不在场,毋庸置疑!
    
    【高邮中学高二徐海涛同学】
    其实我个人认为,还有一个人也应该负责,那就是校医,当事发时给校医打电话,校医居然不在学校,没有人知道他去哪,难道学校的医务室就是个摆设,我以前感冒去买药,去了几天都吃闭门羹!
    
    【高邮中学高二郭志军同学】
    我和俞航从小穿开裆裤长大,从来没有看到他身体有什么大的病,他出生在军人世家,父亲、大伯、姨父、表哥都是军人,他从小立志从军,报效国家,现在一个即将有作为的青年离开了我们。他一米八,身体结实,160多斤,在足球场上生龙活虎,进学校时一个鲜活的生命,到高二这个阶段了,突然出现这种情况,校方为了推卸责任而编造出他有病,退一万说,那学校是不是应该有体检制度,是不是应该建立病历档案,说这么大的病都没有注意,那学校是干什么吃的?是不是应该尽到提醒的责任,而不是一味的隐瞒,教大家作假证!
    
    【高邮中学高二张卿同学】
    医务室只是摆设,任课老师事发时不在场,事后竟推卸责任!
    
    【高邮中学高二秦明铭同学】
    俞航同学的离去是我们最不愿看到也最难以接受的事实,这件事究竟该如何处理,我们大家说了也不算,这要看俞航的家长跟学校如何沟通,最好是谈妥,不要弄的不好还要打官司之类的,我相信俞航同学的在天之灵也不愿看到他的父母跟学校闹得不可开交吧。暂且不问这件事究竟如何处理,我们还是看看眼下这件事,作为校友的我们,该怎么看待。
    
    【高邮中学高二吕晶晶同学】
    祭奠,是一种哀。
    默哀,是一种无奈。
    虽然我是高一的。
    我不认是你,
    但是我还是哭了很长时间。
    因为我把你想做是我,
    如果我死了。
    我的母亲会怎么样呢。
    想为你建高楼。
    也算是为将来的自己建高楼。
    
    为你写一首祭奠辞
    我们从未相识。
    但我们或曾谋面。
    我们无关彼此。
    却又紧密相连。
    我们为教育奉献了整个青春。
    而你却为教育牺牲了一生。
    亡灵幽魂叹,似愿把家还。
    生者泪眼叹,天地顿然暗。
    君安好。
    君可见泪水每一滴有人为你疼。
    君可见万物顿时暗有天为你哀。
    别了君。
    哪日空中把家看?
    
    【高邮中学高一李裕同学】
    看到吧里各种各样的对此事的评论,有说俞航同学自己不注意身体,不应该参加剧烈运动的,有说体育老师没在场,有责任的,有说体育老师为了推卸责任让17位同学谎称当时老师在场的等等。
    
    【高邮中学高二韩建成同学】
    也许讲些情面说是外面冷,老师也是人,因此进了办公室,那么,老师不是规定吗,活动期间除特求情况不允许学生进班。这样看来,老师又有什么理由进办公室呢?
    当时老师的确不在场,在办公室,重要的是,他不该在办公室!光这点,老师就要付一定的责任。另外,老师竟然让17名同学做假证,这个老师已经没有资格当一名老师了。我并不是故意挑老师的刺,老师也累,进办公室休息这无可厚非,但是如果一个老师在“责任”面前只是一味的推卸甚至欺骗,那还能叫“老师”吗?
    
    【高邮中学高一王松同学】
    下午第一节课就发生的事,晚上看空间才知道,是我们太过疏乎,还是保密工作做的太好?!

辽宁大连海域特大沉船事故30余人丧生 官方全力隐瞒

     2012年2月16日晚,辽宁大连海洋岛附近海域发生一起重大沉船事故,船上30多人全部丧生。
     据当地知情人介绍:2月16日下午,大连长海县一条名为“珍华号”货轮,从大连皮口港始发至海洋岛,行驶了5个多小时,晚7时左右,距海洋岛还有3海里时,船被风浪掀翻,船上至少30多人全部遇难!
     据了解,当时这条船上约有60人,路过大长山岛时虽然下去一部分,但当时还有上船的,所以具体遇难人数不详。遇难人员中包括船长、数名船员、几名边防人员、十几名海洋岛居民和一些海洋岛外来务工人员。 (博讯 boxun.com)    
    这起重特大海难事故发生后,沈阳的《辽沈晚报》特派大连记者李毅接群众举报,于4天后发出报道:《货船已沉4天 乘员仍生死不明》,以下是报道内容:
    2月16日晚7时许,小型货船珍华轮在大连市长海县海洋岛附近遇险。当晚8时许找到一名遇难者遗体,省海事局初步调查该船属擅自离港。
     
      截至昨晚7时56分,珍华轮在大连遇险已4整天,但遇险原因及船上准确人数,大连海事部门仍无明确说法。
      昨日记者从省海事局了解到,除事发当晚打捞起一具遇难者遗体,船上的其余乘员至今仍生死不明,同时未透露打捞沉船的时间表。
      有两位失踪船员家属分别向记者表示,珍华轮原为营口籍,已经2年没有检船,且船只老旧已达报废标准。如果珍华轮属实为这种情况,大连海事部门、庄河皮口港为何允许其进出且载货载客?
      轮上装载货物超60吨
      皮口港附近居民赵女士昨日表示,事发前一天(2月15日)看到珍华轮在皮口港装货,参与搬运货物的除了船员还有约20名工人,“是不是超载不好说,但货物装了不少,还有些乘客。 ”
      珍华轮从皮口离港后,按照既定的路线先后驶向并停靠大长山岛和獐子岛,其间装卸货物上下乘客。2月16日下午4时40分,珍华轮出现轻微侧偏,加之货多风浪大,偏离了航道。3小时16分钟后,珍华轮没能到达最后一站,在海洋岛以西约3.5海里处遇险。此时海洋岛附近海面平均风力4级,阵风6级。
      海洋岛一位不愿透露姓名的船主称,出事的小型货船珍华轮长30多米,能载六七十吨货物,1年里大约在海洋岛和皮口港之间往返100次左右,同时还捎带人数不等的乘客,“货船不让载客,可能是为了多赚点吧,现在养船成本也比较高。 ”
      从海洋岛多位货主处记者了解到,珍华轮上装载着日用品、海产养殖用具、塑料及柴油发电机等货物共计超过60吨。
      “捞船才知有多少人”
      47岁的失踪乘客杨兆荣在2月16日晚6时19分,曾给其姐夫打过电话,让姐夫赶紧报警,通话时长为19秒。待其姐夫报警后回拨时,杨兆荣的电话已无法打通。
      56岁的失踪船员沙兴和的女婿徐先生表示,他已赶到海洋岛为岳父料理后事,可岳父遗体仍未找到。作为船上的3名船员之一,沙兴和与55岁的王金星、36岁的郑永涛一起,跟随船主、51岁的孙茂珍驾船于2月16日下午2时离开皮口,至今4人皆下落不明。
      珍华轮遇险当晚,51岁遇难者马瑞臣的遗体被打捞上岸。目前能确定事发时在船上的8人名单中,42岁的宋春霞是唯一的女性;周明远是唯一一个非大连人,26岁的他是黑龙江佳木斯人,在岛上工作。
    由于平时多有来自黑龙江、吉林两省的打工者到大长山岛、獐子岛和海洋岛打工,因而失踪乘客家属们也怀疑失踪者不止8人,只是有些乘客家里尚不知这一噩耗。“我了解到有两名外省的打工者搭乘这条船,准确身份信息没完全确定,希望他们在遇险前就下船了,避过了劫难……也许只有等把船捞上来,才能知道有多少人吧。 ”徐先生说。
   
    尚无打捞沉船时间表
   
      一位不愿透露姓名的知情船长表示,对出事的珍华轮比较熟悉,“这条钢壳船应该有36年以上船龄但不到40年,《老旧运输船舶管理规定》中强制报废年限是34年。起先这条船是长海籍,2年前转到营口籍去了……这条船最近2年间应该没有年检,没有救生筏,连船锚也没有。 ”
      多位失踪者家属最为关心的一个问题就是“活要见人,死要见尸”,希望大连海事部门能尽快打捞珍华轮并给出一个准确的人员名单。“已经过去4天了,如果当时在船上的话生还的希望太渺茫了。 ”徐先生说:“今天看到已经有海事部门的调查小组登岛调查了,希望早一点看到结果,哪怕是坏结果,也比心总悬着要好。 ”
      昨日下午1时,记者与省海事局取得电话联系,求证珍华轮“报废”和“年检”一事,如属实为何皮口港允许该船进出港运营并人货混装,并询问何时能公布调查结果,何时能打捞珍华轮。
    省海事局工作人员记录以上几个问题后表示,将请示领导给予记者答复。截至昨晚8时,记者尚未收到任何口头或书面答复。
   
    船员不带证件就上岗
   
    知情船长告诉记者,失踪船员之一的郑永涛以前曾在其船上工作,自己将船卖掉后,郑永涛到了珍华轮上,“那套手续是他在我船上工作时候办的,他去珍华轮之后,我多次催他把证件拿走,可他说不用……这就跟开汽车一样,证件得随身、随船,如果港口检查严格的话,不带证件根本就不能让上船上岗,如果每个环节都能严格一些,珍华轮也许不会这样……”“说得直白点,如果发生海难沉船,正常情况下这套手续会跟着船员一起沉到水底。 ”这位船长说:“现在你也看到了,他在船上工作确实没带证件,1年时间了,难道一直没有人查过这条船船员的证件吗? ”
    博讯观察员:这起重特大海难事故发生在辽宁鞍钢喷爆事故死亡13人、受伤多人的前四天,但是我们没有看到大连市政府和辽宁省政府向国务院和国家安监总局汇报灾难事故的任何情况,辽宁安监及海事部门没有及时派出相关部门调查事故原因,更没有追究任何监管部门的渎职责任。据了解,最近几年,大连地区海域灾难事故频频,死亡失踪人数无法调查统计,每次灾难事故发生后,地方当局都是想尽一切办法隐瞒真相,逃避责任。
    来自熟悉辽宁官场政治生态的一个消息源称:辽宁省省长陈政高除了率领省政府全部班底疯狂地以大跃进的方式搞“招商引资”,创造所谓的GDP以达到个人政绩突出以备升迁的目的外,从来不考虑辽宁4500万人民的民生问题,也不重视生产者的生命安全,这才是辽宁安全生产方面屡出灾难事故的直接原因。

习近平出访的得与失/王丹

   
     自由亚洲电台2012-02-23报导 (博讯 boxun.com)
   
    结束了对美国,爱尔兰和土耳其的访问,中国未来的领导人习近平已经返回北京。循着中共过去的惯例,这次习近平出访,早就已经定调是“认识之旅”,也就是说,希望通过这次外交活动,让西方世界,主要是美国,能够认识习近平。那么,这个目的达到了吗?我认为,习近平的出访有得有失。
   
    先说得的部分,这就是习近平成功地在中共高级领导人的形象问题上,与前任胡锦涛做出了区隔。有人对比说,跟胡锦涛相比,习近平至少会笑。这是很形象的说法。当年胡锦涛刚接班的时候,西方问:who's who?现在胡锦涛即将下台,我想西方的那个问题依旧没有答案,因为胡锦涛不苟言笑,完全令人摸不透他内心的想法。起初,外界还以为这是胡锦涛作为中国政治的大内高手的沉稳内敛,现在却发现摸不透他的想法,很可能是因为他根本就没有想法。
   
    而习近平这次表现出了与胡锦涛不同的形象,他愿意表达个人看法,据说还向美国副总统拜登详细了解美国的制度设计,在人权问题上表现得也比较灵活,甚至说出“没有最好,只有更好”这样的尽管不知所云,但是至少算是新鲜陈述的话来。到了爱尔兰,显然比美国轻松,他还下场亮了一脚足球功夫,这使得习近平就个人形象而言,算是得到了西方国家的好感。这对于他以后扮演一个大国领袖的角色来说,算是一次成功的预演。
   
    至于失的部分,我认为主要是暴露了他缺乏自信的一面。这次习近平访美,尽管想方设法贴近美国民众,但是对两类人却避而远之,一是媒体,一是华人。以往中国国家领导人来美国,都会安排一些与美国主流媒体的会面,发表自己的看法,但是这次习近平的行程中这样的活动很少。另一方面,他也不太肯跟华人互动。他在洛杉矶参加侨界举行的晚宴,两个小时居然就一动不动地坐在主席台上,完全不下来跟花了不少钱来跟他吃饭的华人祝酒寒暄。对媒体和华人避而远之,显然是他的谨慎之处,避免言多必失的情况发生,但是这也暴露出:第一,他对自己还是缺乏自信;第二,他对中国事务还没有完全掌握发言权。之前有传言,说习近平和李克强已经提前接班,在一些重大事务上开始做自己的决策,从他这次出访的表现看,应当不是实情,否则他就不会这么谨小慎微。
   
    他这样的谨慎,实际上有损他出访的意义。因为通过这次出访,西方算是看到了习近平这个人的形象,他的五官,他的口音,但是还是没能认识到他的内心想法。他交了一些朋友,但是这些朋友恐怕对他还是需要更多的认识。
   

Saturday, February 25, 2012

Tibetan Comedian Detained

2012-02-24
He is at least the third Tibetan cultural figure to be held this month amid tensions in Tibetan regions.
RFA
An undated photo of Tibetan comedian Athar.
Authorities in China’s southwestern Sichuan province have detained a popular Tibetan comedian ahead of his plan to release a video criticizing Chinese rule in Tibetan-populated regions, which has been a key theme of recent Tibetan protests, according to exile sources.

Athar, 33, who runs a general store aside from giving satirical performances in Lithang county in the Kardze (in Chinese, Ganzi) prefecture, was taken into custody at night in early February by a special Chinese police team acting on orders from the top, sources said.

The detention came amid tensions in Tibetan-populated areas in Chinese provinces on the back of self-immolations and protests against Chinese rule that have led to a security clampdown and the detention of hundreds of Tibetans.

“Two weeks ago, many Chinese police wearing black head gear came to his shop in the evening,” said India-based Tibetan exile parliament member Andrug Tseten, citing sources in the region.

“They searched his shop and took him away with them in the night,” Tseten said.

Athar’s relatives who went to the county police to enquire about his situation were told that the performer had been taken by police belonging to a special task force assigned to detain people involved in “serious political matters,” Tseten said.

“County police told Athar's relatives that they got the order from 'higher levels' and that those who detained him were special task force police assigned to arrest people involved in serious political matters. They did not know where Athar was taken.”

Call for unity

A U.S.-based friend who had visited Athar in November said Athar had told him he was about to release a DVD that might lead to his arrest.

Athar, a member of the Yuru Keta Depa family, gave his friend a short recorded message, telling him to pass it on if he should hear he had been detained. It was not immediately clear whether Athar had publicly released the video before his detention.

In a copy of the video message obtained by RFA, Athar warns that Tibet under its present status has gone down a “wrong path,” urges unity among Tibetans, and calls for a strengthened Tibetan national identity and culture.


Message in Tibetan by Athar

"The Tibetan sky, which has a history of more than a thousand years, is [now] shrouded by a thick black cloud,” Athar says.

“Many in the world who are sensible and knowledgeable are shedding tears for us and extending their support.”

“We should cease all those actions that please our enemy and should shoulder our responsibility and foster unity among all three regions of Tibet and all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, protect our culture, and conserve our environment,” Athar said.

Communications cut

“Because of strict restrictions on all lines of communication in Sichuan, it is impossible to call the [Lithang] area to find out what has happened to Athar,” the comedian’s U.S.-based friend said.

“Also, large numbers of Chinese forces are deployed in Lithang these days,” he added.

Athar’s case follows the detention of two other Tibetan cultural figures this month.

About a week ago, popular Tibetan writer Gangkye Drubpa Kyab, 33, was taken into custody in Serthar (in Chinese, Seda) county in Sichuan by special police who raided his home late at night.

Two weeks earlier, Dawa Dorje, a popular advocate of Tibet’s traditional culture and language in his 20’s, was detained by Chinese authorities as he returned to the Tibet Autonomous Region after organizing a conference promoting Tibetan culture in Sichuan.

Sichuan has been the focus of Tibetan protests against Chinese rule and a series of Tibetan self-immolations that have led to a beefed-up Chinese security presence.

Last month, Chinese police opened fire on Tibetan protesters in at least three counties in Sichuan and Qinghai provinces, wounding scores and killing at least six, according to right groups.

Twenty-three Tibetans have self-immolated to protest Chinese policies and rule in Tibetan regions since February 2009.

Chinese authorities have labeled the self-immolators as terrorists and blamed the Dalai Lama for the tense situation, saying he is encouraging the fiery protests which, they say, run contrary to Buddhist teachings.

But the Dalai Lama has blamed China's "ruthless and illogical" policy toward Tibet.

Reported by Rigdhen Dolma for RFA’s Tibetan service. Translations by Karma Dorjee and Rigdhen Dolma. Written in English by Richard Finney.

'Malpractice' Blamed For Outbreak

2012-02-24
Substandard procedures in local clinics may have led to an increase in Chinese hepatitis C cases.
AFP
Parents show test results confirming their children have hepatitis C, outside a hospital in Hefei, Nov. 28, 2011,
Bad medical practice in local clinics is being blamed for a recent sharp rise in hepatitis C infections in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong, local residents and official media reports said.

"The local clinics don't use disposable needles for the prevention of infection," said a resident of Zijin county, near Heyuan city, where local people estimate around 200 new cases of hepatitis C have appeared in recent months. "In a society with the rule of law, this should be dealt with according to law."

The resident, who declined to be named, said many people don't trust the local health clinics at all. "Those who can afford it mostly go to the big hospitals to get treatment," he said.

Repeated calls to the Guangdong provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and to the the Zijin county government health monitoring agency went unanswered during office hours on Thursday.

However, Guangdong CDC director Yi Xuefeng was quoted as saying by the official Xinhua news agency that local authorities were now investigating the reported spike in cases.

"These cases were initially identified before 2010, and the incident cannot be deemed as an outbreak of the disease," the agency quoted him as saying.

Previous official media reports have quoted hospital records in Zijin county as showing a steady rise in hepatitis cases in the past two years, however. Xinhua quoted local residents as saying more than 200 cases had been recorded, adding that local officials hadn't confirmed the figure.

Medical transmission likely

Beijing-based public health expert Lu Jun said it was fairly clear that the concentration in cases around Heyuan suggested medical transmission of the virus, which is spread by dirty needles, sexual contact, and sometimes from mother-to-infant.

Hepatitis C has been on the increase globally in recent years, partly because many people carry the viruses for years without knowing that they have it.

Health authorities in the United States reported this week that hepatitis C, which can lead to liver cancer, now kills more Americans than HIV/AIDS.

Figures for 1999-2007 released by the U.S. CDC showed a significant rise in hepatitis C deaths over the period, to 15,106 in 2007.

"It is clear that the work of infection prevention hasn't been carried out very well in that district," said Lu, a director at the Beijing-based health charity Yirenping. "Both hepatitis C and B are transmitted through bodily fluids ... the transmission route is very narrow."

He drew parallels with the spread of HIV during the 1990s in China via blood-selling clinics in poverty-stricken regions, leading to an explosion of cases among rural residents, and also a parallel hepatitis B epidemic.

"In our country, nearly 100 million people were infected with hepatitis B through dirty needles from the 1960s to the 1980s," Lu said. "According to my analysis, this looks like transmission via medical sources."

Sterilization problems

Zeng Jun, a doctor at the Guangzhou No. 1 Hospital, said sterilization was still a problem in some parts of the country.

"We still see situations in China where the needles aren't sterilized, and the needles are used on other patients," Zeng said. "Supervision is still not good enough."

"There are still consequences among the poorest people and people in rural areas," he said. "If they occur, these sorts of problems should be dealt with very seriously."

Lu said public health scandals, which are commonly reported across China, largely continued to happen because the officials found responsible seldom lost their jobs.

"They won't lose their jobs, or go to jail because of such things, or even get a heavy fine," he said. "As a result, some people in the industry don't take their responsibilities very seriously."

He said a lack of clear channels for medical malpractice victims to pursue compensation claims or complaints also hampered attempts to supervise healthcare professionals.

Reported by He Ping for RFA's Mandarin service. Translated and written in English by Luisetta Mudie.

孔庆东身世的秘密/郝名利

    孔庆东为什么自认为孔子后代?
   
     郝名利(松田学院法政系行政管理专业) (博讯 boxun.com)
   
    孔庆东,男,1964年9月22日出生于哈尔滨,自称祖籍中國山东省费县,为孔子七十三代孙。但是从种种迹象来看,他的这种自称是很可疑的,因为左看右看,上看下看,他的尊容怎么看也不像温文儒雅的孔子。如果孔子真有这样一个以“三妈”闻名世界的子孙的话,恐怕九泉之下也要气得七窍生烟的。
   
    据有关权威专家考证,孔庆东的祖上是明末清初的名人孔有德将军。孔有德,原籍山东,辽宁辽阳人,自称为孔子后裔。但孔氏族人都不承认,《孔子世家谱》也没有将其收入。
   
    明朝崇禎四年(1631年)八月,孔有德在登州發動吳橋兵變,明朝派兵镇压,孔有德投降清朝。清朝封他为恭顺王,出征朝鲜、锦州、松山等地。清兵入关后,他随多铎镇压各地的抗清斗争。顺治三年(1646年)授平南大将军,进攻南明永历政权。五年,改封定南王,出征广西。九年,被李定国围困在桂林,兵败自杀,其妻白氏自缢。
   
    孔有德死后,清朝皇帝不忘他带头剿灭大明的丰功伟绩,破例特封他的女儿孔四贞为格格,成为清朝唯一的汉人格格,也成为今天娱乐节目还珠格格的主角。皇帝也封了四贞的弟弟五贞一个包衣的官,常驻关外,世代为皇家看守祖坟。
   
    孔有德在率领清兵出征朝鲜时,曾虏了朝鲜平安南道大同郡古平面南里(今平壤市万景台)金氏少女金喜喜为妾,生子孔五贞,又名孔定南。
   
    清朝灭亡后,孔五贞后人失去了八旗子弟的身份,流落各地。其中一房到了哈尔滨,成为哈市孔家的开山祖。虎落平阳被狗欺,孔家失去了当年的风光,心里好不爽,恨死孙中山等那些讲广东话的反贼乱党!
   
    在朝鲜老家的金喜喜家族,由于沾了天朝开国元勋孔有德的光,一直很风光,几百年来与孔家往来不断。后来日本占领了朝鲜,金家没落了,两家联系也暂时中断。喜喜家族的一位后裔金成柱(김일성,后来改名金日成)为了抗日,流亡到中国东北,与哈尔滨孔家又连上了香火。有传说孔家二媳妇喜欢上了这个有帝王之象的朝鲜青年,二人眉来眼去,跌入爱河,暗结珠胎,生下了一个男孩,也就是孔庆东之父孔家贵。不过,这个说法既没有得到孔、金两家的证实,也没有受到两家的否认。
   
    孔家贵牢记着自己血脉的皇家血统,为儿子取名孔继祖。不过这个名字在“文革”时期的中国犯了忌讳,所以改名孔庆东。表面上看,是庆中国的伟大领袖毛泽东,但是实际意思是:站在鸭绿江西岸远眺平壤,庆东面的真命天子金日成。
   
    由于血浓于水,孔庆东对鸭绿江对岸的亲人们一往情深。每到金家表叔的寿诞,孔庆东都要衣冠楚楚地到朝鲜驻华使馆中,向亲人致以最热烈的祝贺。他在博文中已深情的文字写出了他的幸福心情,与亲人统治下的两千万朝鲜人民分享:
   
    “昨天傍晚,朝鲜大使馆邀请晚宴,祝贺金日成将军诞辰。…我穿了西装,打了领带,扮成个“帅叔”模样,这是一年四季都难得的。越是要求“穿正装”的场合,我越不穿,宁肯不去。而昨天,没有人要求我,是我自愿穿戴齐整,去向一位被几十亿愚众诬蔑误解辱骂诅咒的革命伟人表达敬意的。”
   
    孔庆东在日历上记下了这些的重要节日:
   
    2月16日(1942.2.16)金正日诞辰纪念日
   
    4月13日(1992.4.13)金正日的父亲金日成被授予元帅称号纪念日
    4月15日(1912.4.15)金正日的父亲金日成诞辰纪念日
    4月20日(1992.4.20)金正日被推选国防委员长纪念日
    4月21日(1892.4.21)金正日的奶奶康磐石诞辰纪念日
   
    5月5日(1936.5.5)金正日的父亲金日成创建祖国光复会纪念日
   
    6月5日(1926.6.5)金正日的爷爷金亨植逝世纪念日
    6月19日(1964.6.19)金正日开始从事朝鲜劳动党中央委员会工作纪念日
   
    7月8日(1994.7.8)金正日的父亲金日成逝世纪念日
    7月10日(1894.7.10)金正日的爷爷金亨植诞辰纪念日
    7月31日(1932.7.31)金正日的奶奶康磐石逝世纪念日
   
    8月25日(1960.8.25)金正日先军革命领导开始纪念日
   
    9月22日(1949.9.22)金正日的母亲金正淑逝世纪念日
   
    10月8日(1997.10.8)金正日当选朝鲜劳动党总书记纪念日
    10月10日(1945.10.10)金正日的父亲金日成当选朝鲜劳动党总书记纪念日
    10月17日(1926.10.17)金正日的父亲金日成组建打到帝国主义同盟纪念日
   
    12月24日(1991.12.24)金正日当选朝鲜人民军最高司令官纪念日
    12月24日(1917.12.24)金正日的母亲金正淑诞辰纪念日
   
    孔庆东是不是孔子后代呢?
   
    如果孔有德真的是孔子的后代,那么孔庆东自然也是孔子的后代,没的说。但是如果把家底翻了出来,情况又不一样了。虽然有人说孔有德是清朝统一中国的功臣,但是大多数老百姓还是把他看成是汉奸。因为孔有德的名声不好,所以孔庆东先前并不自认是孔子的后代,这是很可以理解的。但是到了后来,孔庆东又像先祖孔有德一样宣布自己是孔子后代了。孔庆东是最坚定的无产阶级革命派,怎么能够认贼作父,把伟大领袖毛主席坚决要打倒的孔老二当做祖宗呢?
   
    原因是到了近年来,情况发生了很大变化。鸭绿江对岸的同志们气壮山河地向全世界郑重宣告:“孔子是朝鲜人!”
   
    孔庆东与万景台金家是有着血浓于水的骨肉关系的血亲,这时自然认朝鲜人民的圣人孔子为祖上,也就顺理成章了。
   
    所以,站在鸭绿江东岸来看西岸的人,怎么看怎么不顺眼。特别是那些讲广东话的人,当年先祖孔有德就是在广西桂林被那些讲广东话的人打死的,孔家后来的包衣世职又是被讲广东话的孙中山一伙搞掉的。灭祖之仇,不共戴天。今天那些讲广东话的香港人,在孔庆东口中就理所当然地是狗。从孔家历史来看,这是很合逻辑的。
   
    站在对岸金家的立场上来看,大多数中国人也都是狗。金表叔祖会讲中国普通话,所以不能说讲中国话的都是狗。所以孔庆东说:“不说普通话的中国人都是王八蛋!” 因为绝大多数中国人在家里都不说普通话,所以绝大多数中国人都是王八蛋。
   
    有人问孔庆东:“你的父母都只会说哈尔滨土话,是不是属于王八蛋?你自称坚决拥护毛主席,毛主席一辈子都只会说湖南湘潭县土话,是不是也属于王八蛋?”孔庆东坚定地说:“是!”
   
    孔庆东这门欺师灭祖之举,只是因为血浓于水。站在东岸,认同东岸,当然痛恨西岸了。至于误伤爹娘和过去的偶像,也顾不得了。由于孔庆东为了金家而恶攻伟大领袖毛主席,激起了中国广大民众的无比愤慨。据说乌有之乡网站发出紧急动员令,号召补评孔庆东为头号汉奸。

广东仁化血铅超标儿童新增27名 普查结果近期公布

   
    来源:羊城晚报 
   
    卫生部门为董塘镇红星村儿童开展免费血铅样本采集
    广东仁化血铅超标儿童新增27名 普查结果近期公布

    记者24日从仁化县了解到,该县已为235名3至14岁儿童完成血铅样本采集,首批化验结果显示儿童血铅超标新增27人,目前该县董塘镇血铅超标儿童已增至64人,新一轮的普查结果将于近期公布。
   
    连日来,仁化环保部门进一步加大了对周边企业的生产和排污状况的检查力度,布点采样分析污染物。国家、省级环保专家组正前往事发地进行调查。仁化县政府对媒体称,现阶段监测结果表明,周边地区地表水、地下水、饮用水中铅浓度均达到相应国家标准。

法广专访艾未未:艺术家很难脱离今天的社会思考

     转载于 法广中文网站 rfi.fr
    作者 瑞迪
     法国首次大型艾未未摄影作品展2012年2月21日起在巴黎网球场博物馆开幕。如果说艾未未早已因为不断挑战传统成规、挑战既定权威的创作而闻名世界的话,2011年4月他被秘密失踪81天超乎一切司法常规的经历也突显出他的社会活动与当今中国政治现实间的矛盾,使得这次在巴黎的艺术作品展具有了不同寻常的意义。 (博讯 boxun.com)
    这次在巴黎网球场博物馆展出的是从艾未未数以十万计的摄影作品中挑选出的一万六千余幅照片和12个主题不同的录像作品。
   
     艾未未:这是我在法国第一次比较具有规模的展览。它不仅仅是一个摄影展,它更多地积累了我这些年不同类型的活动,包括建筑、设计,还有社会活动。所以,它并不是以摄影作为展览的目的,而是为了呈现总体的一个艺术家的活动。当然,它是以摄影为媒介的。
    
    因为被中国当局指控逃税等一系列罪名,艾未未行动自由仍然受到限制,无法亲自前来出席展览。
   
     艾未未:我从去年4月3日被秘密失踪以后,经过81天的关押,在去年6月22日被释放。到目前为止,已经被释放8个月。这8个月中,我的艺术创作没有受到限制,但是,我不被允许离开北京,我仍然作为犯罪嫌疑人受到取保候审这样一种强制性的措施,我一直在公安的严格监控下。但是,艺术创作方面,我仍然还是有较大的空间和自由。
   
    法广:那您现在的创作主要是那些活动呢?
   
    艾未未:我的创作活动一直是没有很强的规律的。我用很多时间学习,或者在网络上,或者和他人交谈,有时候会有一个物化的作品出现,可能是摄影,可能是纪录片,也可能是装置,也可能是一个访谈,所以,我的创作基本上是没有一个明确的形态的。
   
    法广:去年被秘密失踪81天想必会在您的生活中留下很深的印记。这段经历对于您会不会是一种转折?它是否改变了您对生活、对您的艺术创作以及对事物的一些看法?
   
    艾未未:是不是转折很难说,但是这81天对任何一个一生当中遇到过这样经历的人来说,都可以说是很严厉的、很严酷的一种状态,它势必会对人的思考或行为产生很强的印记,它帮助你思考你个人和国家、或者是个人与社会的关系,包括生命和死亡问题。我想这些都是一种很特殊的生存方式会带来的思考。
   
    法广:这些年来您一直非常关注社会问题。在这段经历之后,您怎么再看您的社会担当呢?
   
    艾未未:我觉得我不能说是非常关注(社会问题),但是,可能因为我是一个艺术家,我做事时比较投入,但是,我关注的点可能是很局部的,并不是很有目的的去找一个点。当我关注的时候,会投入得比较多,当然就显得比较激烈,比较不依不饶,比较较真儿。现在,我想,这也是我个人生存的一种方式吧。这也是我认识个人存在的一种可能,当然也是我跟这个世界的一种关系。我想,这一点是很难真正地改变的,因为它来源于很多因素,包括我个人经历,我从事的职业,包括我对社会、对人的兴趣,这些可能会对我这方面有些影响。
   
    法广:您的艺术创作表现出一种对社会成规的一种挑战,挑衅。当局也正因此而不能容忍这样的表达,您是否会考虑调整自己的表达方式呢,
   
    艾未未:作为艺术家,在艺术上我一直在寻找其他方式,我一直在寻求其他的可能性,一直在寻求表达的有效性,表达的特殊角度和可能,这也是我遇到问题的很直接的一个原因。
   
    法广:在您看来,作为艺术家,是不是可以没有社会担当呢?艺术是不是可以是纯艺术呢?
   
    艾未未:我不认为有这种可能,因为今天的艺术家,我想,他的美学很难脱离今天的社会思考,因为,今天所有的变革,都同美学和伦理学有很强的关系,如果我对艺术有兴趣,我更有兴趣的就是同今天的生活有关的这种美学。艺术与生活是密不可分的,我不认为有另外一种艺术存在。
   
    法广:您的创作非常突出的一点就是有一种很强的打破传统成规、打破既定观念的意识。我记得在文革刚刚结束的时候,已故电影演员赵丹曾经说过―准确的原话我不太记得,但大意是管得太多,文艺没出路。您是否也这样认为?没有自由的空间,艺术创作是否无法发展?
   
    艾未未:我不认为是这样。我觉得那(赵丹)说的是整体的文艺观。我觉得个人的艺术,个人的作品还是有它的可能性。所谓我们对文化的探讨总是同对它的限制有关。我并不认为有更大自由,就会有更好的个人创作。但是,作为整体的文化状态,没有自由的空间会扼杀大多数人的―不仅仅是艺术的可能,也包括正常的获取快乐和幸福的可能。
   
    法广:您在接受媒体采访的时候提到,尽管曾经有81天被失踪的经历,但是您对中国的未来仍然抱持乐观。能不能解释一下您的乐观是基于怎样的分析?
   
    艾未未:我觉得今天的世界没有人能阻挡住变革,因为变革是与人们追求幸福、追求自由的可能紧密相关的,与中国的生存也是不可分割的。所以,中国如果想有正常的竞争力,向自由的生存下去,他必然向好的方向―他必须向这个方向发生变化。
   
    法广:有人批评您的前卫艺术作品表现出的挑衅是为了哗众取宠。您自己怎么看这样的评论?
   
    艾未未:我知道有不少这样的批评家。我知道一个叫侯翰如的就谈过这种问题。我觉得这只是他们掩盖自己不敢面对这种现实的一种做法,他们总是希望用他们所熟悉的某种美学来评判正在发生的事情。我觉得几乎是不需要和他们争论,他们从来不敢面对正在发生的事情,也从来不敢有正常的辩论,只是在背后说一些奇怪的话而已。
   
    法广:从您最近几年的经历看,汶川地震是否可以看作是更加关注社会事务的一个转折点?
   
    艾未未:其实也不是。07年我就创作了《童话》,就是带着1001个人去凯塞尔的活动。在那个时候,我已经开始试图将我的社会经验,和网络,和现实,让他们能够更加有机地表达。其实,从05年开始,我就已经比较关注这些话题,我已经希望在我的作品中出现一种变化。
   
    法广:您的父亲艾青因为诗作坐过国民党的牢,也坐过共产党的牢―被发配到新疆。时隔数十年,您自己又因为艺术创作被秘密失踪81天,这些经历间是否有共同之处?中国几十年不曾改变么?
   
    艾未未:我不认为中国没有变,中国发生了非常大的变化,这是我们大家都能看到的。但是,在某些方面,中国的变化是非常小的,比如权力和个人的关系问题,包括所谓的知识分子和政权的关系,在很多问题上中国仍然处于非常原始的时期,甚至在很多时期还有倒退的现象。
    
    巴黎网球场博物馆的艾未未作品展虽然只有摄影和摄像两种形式,但却很好地体现出艾未未艺术创作多形式、多主题的特点,既是艺术创作,又是现实纪录,既是观察者,又是参与者。
   
     巴黎网球场艾未未摄影展策展人、瑞士温特图尔摄影博物馆馆长Urs Stahel 乌尔斯•斯塔海:”艾未未曾经说:‘也许我的生活就是我的艺术作品的一部分。’在我看来,所有这些都是生活与艺术的混合,是个人生活与公共生活的完美组合。所有内容都交织在一起,在历史与今天之间,在个体与社会结构之间,在个体与大众之间,在艺术家与大众之间,在作为著名艺术家的他与那些认为他无所不知的普通人之间。这就是为什么这次展览的英文名称定为 « interlacing »,法文译作“Entrelacs” 有人可能认为这两个词含义不同。« interlacing » 的意思就是“交织”,像织衣,像织布,所有东西都交织在一起,穿梭往来。我们没有使用 « network »这个词,因为这个词太容易将他的创作局限在因特网层面。这个词里虽然也有“交织”的含义,但是,艾未未的作品也是利用各种手段将中国文化的过去和今天,与当代文化重新组合。所以,他的作品总是在往来穿梭地运动。“
    
    网球场博物馆的艾未未摄影展因此展示的不仅是艾未未的艺术创作,也是艾未未其人其事。
   
   
     乌尔斯•斯塔海:这些作品就像是一面镜子,反映着艾未未的生活。如果您静下心,坐下来,就会被完全吸引,您就会了解这是怎样一个人。他性格很强,很真诚,讲话声音缓慢而洪亮,非常了解也很关心世界上正在发生的一切。……他喜欢享受生活,喜欢设计,喜欢美食,喜欢开玩笑,……您可以看到一个多侧面的艾未未,所有这些侧面交叉融合在一起组成了他的品格。

After Wukan, 'Opinion Makers' Wanted

2012-02-24
Authorities seek to influence online opinion following a standoff in a southern Chinese village.
ImagineChina
Chinese netizens at an Internet cafe in Quanzhou, south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sept. 29, 2011.
Violent protests by Wukan villagers last December against unscrupulous land grabs and rigged elections look set to lead to greater online supervision by Guangdong provincial authorities, who apparently fear that the rebellious village is fast becoming a model for unrest elsewhere, analysts said.

Guangdong's government will build a force of 10,000 "public opinion guides" during the next year, deputy provincial leader Zhu Mingguo told a conference of labor officials on Monday.

Zhu told delegates that they should strive to keep up with a Web-savvy generation of younger Chinese workers to ensure that the voice of the ruling Communist Party continues to be heard in an age of social networking, the Guangzhou Daily newspaper reported.

The move would take opinion formation and education to the next level, Zhu reportedly told the meeting, and "guide society to an ardent love of the Party and of socialism."

Repeated calls to the Guangzhou municipal government and Party propaganda department went unanswered during office hours on Thursday.

Guangzhou-based Internet commentator Ye Du said the report had sparked considerable discussion in some quarters of the Chinese Internet, with posts announcing that "the 50-cent army is hiring again," in a reference to netizens' satirical name for the government's battalion of paid opinion-makers.

"The fact that the villagers of Wukan kept going with the struggle to protect their rights has set a huge example to rural communities and petitioners all over China," Ye said. "In recent days, there have been a number of demonstrations by large numbers of retired military personnel who have used the same methods in their petitioning."

"Now that rural residents know how to use the Internet and microblogs as channels to release information, the authorities must boost their workforce by hiring even more people to curb them," he said.

"They want to prevent negative news from getting out and circulating."

Rare concessions

The requisitioning of rural land for lucrative property deals by cash-hungry local governments sparks thousands of "mass incidents" across China every year, but many result in violent suppression, the detention of the main organizers, and intense pressure on the local population to comply with the government's wishes.

In the case of Wukan, however, the standoff with armed police who encircled the village sparked rare concessions following an investigation by the provincial government of Guangdong, which concluded that most of the villagers' demands and complaints were fair.

According to Ye, the government's strategy is now focused on influencing public opinion rather than on the impossible task of censoring every microblog posting on the massively popular Sina Weibo service.

"News gets out on Sina Weibo very fast indeed," Ye said. "Within one or two minutes, your news can reach several million people, and the authorities can't keep up with blocking all of it."

Guangzhou-based blogger Wen Yunchao, known by his online nickname Beifeng, said he was doubtful however that China's official labor union would succeed in using such opinion formers and the online mediators also proposed by Zhu to curb the wave of strikes and labor disputes now hitting former southern Chinese boomtowns.

"Their hiring strategy doesn't seem that different from before," Wen said. "Unless the government pays out a lot of money to hire really good writers who pack a real punch, this isn't going to work."

He said a better way of defusing labor unrest would be freedom of expression for Chinese workers.

"The official labor union is a bit like the National People's Congress; it's a rubber stamp ... and unlikely to be of any real use to workers trying to protect their rights," he said.

Reported by Fung Yat-yiu for RFA's Cantonese service. Translated and written in English by Luisetta Mudie.