Sunday, October 21, 2012

Monks Punished Over Protests



2012-10-19
Chinese authorities in Tibet crack down on a restive monastery.
Photo courtesy of an RFA listener.
An undated photo of the Boeyag monastery in Tibet's Chamdo county.
More than 70 monks have been disrobed and others beaten at a Tibetan monastery and have had their religious classes and study groups canceled as punishment for actions challenging Chinese rule, according to Tibetan sources.

The crackdown at the Boeyag monastery in the Tibet Autonomous Region's Menda township, Chamdo county, has been under way since two monks were detained in March for leading prayers for Tibetans who have burned themselves to death in protests, a resident of the area told RFA’s Tibetan service.

The whereabouts of Jamyang Yeshe—the monastery's chant leader—and a monk named Drubgyu are still not known almost eight months after they were taken into custody, the source said, speaking on condition of anonymity.

“The two monks were accused of organizing prayers for self-immolators and for holding long-life prayers for the Dalai Lama,” the source said, speaking on condition of anonymity.

“They were also accused of ‘illegally’ teaching Buddhism to laypeople outside the monastery and of promoting the intensive study of the Tibetan language, which has become increasingly popular in the area,” the source said.

Harsh restrictions
tibet-Chamdo-monk-305.gif
Sources told RFA that Chinese authorities placed harsh restrictions on the Boeyag monastery beginning March 10, when monks were accused of “behaving badly” at a flag-raising conducted at the monastery by Chinese officials.

“The monks suffered severe beatings,” the source said.

More than 70 monks from the monastery have now been forcibly returned to lay status and forbidden to wear their robes, the source said, adding that religious classes and study groups have also been closed.

“Now, the abbots and other monks are not allowed outside the monastery grounds for more than three days at a time, which has caused great hardships for them,” he said.

In one case, Thoega Rinpoche, 64, a senior teacher at the monastery, was denied permission to leave to seek medical treatment after falling ill, and he died on Aug. 16, he added.

“Both the monastery and Tibetan households in the area are forced to display posters showing the Chinese flag and portraits of several generations of Chinese Communist leaders,” he said.

“Not having these in one’s possession is considered a violation of the law.”

Tibetan flag raised

Fifty-five Tibetans have burned themselves to death since February 2009 in protests challenging Chinese rule and calling for the return of the Dalai Lama, Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, as Tibetans increasingly question Chinese policies which they say are discriminatory and have robbed them of their rights.

Most of the burnings have occurred in Tibetan-populated areas of the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu, but five have been reported in the Tibetan Autonomous Region in spite of Chinese efforts to keep the protests from spreading.

Meanwhile, Chinese police in the Wonpo region of Dzachukha in Sichuan province’s Kardze prefecture on Monday detained five Tibetans suspected of raising the banned Tibetan national flag during a Sept. 7 protest at a local school, according to Tibetan reports.

A Chinese flag had first been pulled down, and leaflets calling for Tibetan freedom were scattered on the school’s grounds.

No arrests were made at the time, but officials vowed to investigate the incident, sources said.

The names of those picked up in the late-night raid and information on where they are being held are still unknown.

Reported by RFA’s Tibetan service. Translated by Dorjee Damdul. Written in English by Richard Finney.

Hackers Attack Rights Website



2012-10-19
The Tianwang site founded by Chinese rights activist Huang Qi suffers a 'premeditated' cyberattack.
RFA
A screengrab of the Tianwang rights website after it was restored following the attack, Oct. 19, 2012.
A rights website based in the southwestern Chinese province of Sichuan was attacked by unknown hackers on Friday, the organizers said.
Attempts to load the Tianwang website redirected the user to a page with a multilingual message alleging that the site had engaged in "abuse" of the domain-name system, although normal service was restored later in the day.
"We started to receive various bits of feedback late [Thursday] night...that the Tianwang website was being automatically redirected," said the site's technician Pu Fei. "After the redirect, the wrong page was displayed."
"After investigating, we determined that it was caused by a premeditated network attack."
Pu said the Tianwang servers had been attacked, and basic changes made to the website.
"We basically resolved the problem later in the day, after 7:00 p.m. [local time], but we are still working on the security issues, and we will continue to do so," he said.
Pu said the group had already managed to pick up some traces of the hackers' activities, including their IP addresses.
"I can tell you very clearly that they included [IP addresses] inside China, and we can narrow it down quite clearly to the district and county [where they originated]," he said.
Tianwang, which was founded by prominent rights activist Huang Qi and began as a resource for relatives of those killed or injured in the military crackdown on the 1989 pro-democracy movement, gives detailed, online coverage of ordinary Chinese who seek to defend their rights in the face of official abuses of power.
Such stories rarely find expression in China's tightly controlled, state-run media, and are often deleted from social media sites soon after they appear.
Watchdog Net
Tianwang isn't the only rights website to have been subjected to hacker attacks in recent weeks.
The rights website Watchdog Net for Citizens and Public Opinion was also shut down in recent days, according to its founder, Li Xinde.
"This happened two or three days ago," Li said, adding that he suspected authorities unhappy with the website's work were behind the attack.
"The local governments don't dare to publicly oppose us in our rights and anti-corruption work, but behind the scenes, they are working hard to use their power and to ensure, via certain departments, that our site gets deleted or subjected to administrative measures."
"If all else fails, they will attack us with hackers."
Huang Qi
Meanwhile, Tianwang's webmaster Huang said he was preparing for another possible jail term, as the ruling Chinese Communist Party gears up for a crucial leadership transition next month.
"For the past 14 years, the Tianwang rights website and service center has been continually subjected to oppression, and more of us have been to jail than any other rights group," Huang said. "Tianwang has also received more hacker attacks than any other rights website."
"Of course I feel as if I have let my family down," he said. "I have let my wife..., child, and mother down."
"My family have worked so hard for so many years [on my behalf]," he said.
Chengdu-based Huang was convicted of “illegally possessing state secrets” by the city's Wuhou District People's Court in 2009 after he called for an investigation into shoddy school construction blamed for the deaths of thousands of children during a massive 2008 earthquake in Sichuan province.
Before that, Huang had served five years in jail on "subversion" charges.
China has intensified a nationwide clampdown on dissident writers and rights activists ahead of the leadership change, set to take place at the 18th Party Congress in Beijing on Nov. 8.
Police have launched a "stability" drive, with many rights activists and dissidents reported to be under house arrest, either in their homes or in out-of-town locations like holiday resorts. Others are being held under criminal detention on charges they say are excuses to limit their freedom over the transition period.
China is listed as an "Enemy of the Internet" by Paris-based media freedom watchdog Reporters Without Borders, which says China is the "world's biggest prison" for netizens.
In its 2012 report on the internet, U.S.-based watchdog Freedom House said China had become a "key global source" for cyberattacks, including on domestic and overseas rights websites, and said the scale, organization, and targets of the attacks had led many experts to believe that they are linked to the government.
Reported by Qiao Long for RFA's Mandarin service. Translated and written in English by Luisetta Mudie.

Burning Tibetan Charges At Police



2012-10-20
A 27-year-old father of two becomes the 56th Tibetan self-immolator.
Photo courtesy of an RFA listener.
An undated photo of Lhamo Kyap.
A Tibetan man set himself ablaze and charged at Chinese security forces in Gansu province Saturday, in the fifth self-immolation protest against Chinese rule in less than a month, according to sources inside Tibet.

Lhamo Kyap, a 27-year-old father of two young daughters, torched himself and ran in flames towards a group of plainclothes policemen who tried to stop him outside the Bora monastery in Sangchu (Xiahe, in Chinese) county in the Kanlho (Gannan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, the sources said.

Citing local residents, the sources said that before succumbing to his burns, Lhamo Kyap shouted slogans against Chinese rule and called for the return of exiled Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama.

"At 2 p.m., he set himself on fire near the monastery and ran towards the monastery," one source told RFA's Tibetan service, speaking on condition of anonymity.

"When he encountered some policemen in plainclothes, who were pretending to circumambulate the monastery and tried to stop him, he charged at them," the source said. "They avoided him."

Prayers

Monks from the Bora monastery and hundreds of local residents converged at the area and took his body to the monastery where prayers were held, according to another source inside Tibet. The body was later taken to his home.

"Several hundred residents of Bora area rushed to the scene the moment they heard about the incident. They brought his body from the monastery to his home, chanting prayers in chorus," the source said.

Lhamo Kyap left behind a wife, Dorjee Kyi, and two daughters under 10 years old—Pema Tso and Drukmo Tso, the source said.

His self-immolation is the 56th since the wave of burnings protesting Chinese rule began in February 2009.

It is also the fifth burning protest since Sept. 29, defying calls by exile Tibetan groups to stop the self-immolation protests.

On Sept. 28, more than 400 Tibetan exiles from 26 countries called for an end to the Tibetan self-immolation protests after a three-day meeting in India's hill town Dharamsala, the seat of the Tibetan government in exile and where the Dalai Lama resides.

They expressed “grave concern” over the burnings and urged Tibetans inside Tibet not to take “drastic actions.”

Similar expressions of concern from exile figures and from the Dalai Lama himself over the burnings have gone largely unheeded in the past.

Human rights groups say the wave of self-immolation protests will continue until the underlying rights and other problems in the Tibetan-populated areas are addressed by the Chinese authorities.

Chinese authorities however have labeled the self-immolators as terrorists, outcasts, criminals, and mentally ill people and have blamed the Dalai Lama for encouraging the burnings.

Reported by RFA's Tibetan service. Translated by Karma Dorjee. Written in English by Parameswaran Ponnudurai.

Woman Rejects Cash Offer



2012-10-19
The wife of a Tibetan who self-immolated dismisses an offer by Chinese authorities to blame the burning on a family dispute.
Photo courtesy of a Tsoe resident.
Security forces near a stupa in Tsoe monastery in Gansu province where a self-immolation occurred on Oct. 13, 2012.
The wife of a Tibetan man who burned himself to death in protest against Chinese rule has rejected an offer by the Chinese authorities to blame the self-immolation on a family quarrel in return for cash, saying they had a "very good" relationship, according to sources.

Sangay Gyatso, a 27-year-old father of two, self-immolated on Oct. 6 in a monastery compound in Tsoe (in Chinese, Hezuo) county, the administrative center of Gansu province’s Kanlho (Gannan) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, without telling his wife of his plans.

Following his death, his wife Dorjee Kyi was visited by Chinese officials who urged her to sign a document saying her husband had killed himself because of a family dispute, and not in a protest against Chinese rule, one source told RFA’s Tibetan service.

“They offered her 1 million yuan [U.S. $158,599] to agree to sign, but she refused,” the source said.  "Furthermore, the family said that all family members were surviving under his efforts and he was decent and a loving husband and father."

The financial offer claim could not be independently verified.

Quiet dinner

On the eve of the self-immolation, Sangay Gyatso had a quiet dinner with his wife and talked with her about family matters late into the night, the source said.

“His wife said that they had a very good relationship with no disputes of any kind,” said the source, a resident of the area, speaking on condition of anonymity.

“She never expected that her husband would end his life in that way.”

“On the night of Oct. 5, Sangay Gyatso had dinner with his wife, Dorjee Kyi. Both during supper and afterward, they spoke for a long time on general family matters,” the source said.

“And though the night became very late, and his wife suggested that he go to bed, he continued with their conversation until midnight.”

Early next morning, Sangay Gyatso asked his wife for his chuba, a traditional Tibetan form of dress, and left the house carrying an empty container, saying that he wanted to go to help a friend whose car had broken down.

“At around noon on Oct. 6, he set himself ablaze near the stupa at Dokar monastery, at a distance of about 10 miles (16 kilometers) from Tsoe town, in a protest against Chinese policies in Tibet,” the source said.

Monks detained

Chinese authorities detained four monks this week, three of whom were from the Dokar monastery, "for their involvement in taking care of the body of the self-immolator and taking photos of the body," according to another source.

Fifty-five Tibetans have self-immolated to protest Chinese rule and call for the return of the Dalai Lama, Tibet's spiritual leader who is living in exile in India, despite appeals by Tibetan groups in exile to end the burning protests.

The latest self-immolation occurred on Oct. 13 when Tamdin Dorjee, the 54-year-old grandfather of a local religious leader, burned himself to death in Tsoe monastery in Tsoe county.

Reported by RFA's Tibetan service. Translated by Karma Dorjee. Written in English by Richard Finney.

赵岩专访陈光诚2:盛世十年还是危世十年?为被捕的侄子报不平



(博讯北京时间2012年10月21日 首发 - 支持此文作者/记者)
    博讯时事政治观察员 赵岩
     2012年10月4日下午,笔者在纽约大学法学院为陈光诚特别准备的访问学者办公室,第二次在纽约见到了老友陈光诚,光诚是由纽约大学法学院的著名教授科恩先生邀请的访问学者。此时,已经呼吸过四个多月美国自由的空气的陈光诚,说话更加自信、成熟,意识和思维反应更加敏捷迅速。
      

对话采访的第二部分

    赵岩:胡温十年是盛世十年还是危世十年?
    
    光诚:我倒不是从10年划分的。根据我前期的和后期的维权工作做一个总结,那就是,在胡锦涛上台,特别从04年以后, 我个人的感觉是,几十年的法制建设,被所谓的这种维稳体制(其实质就是维护其自私特权的体制)几乎践踏的淋漓尽致,几乎是被毁于一旦。在民众当中刚刚形成法制观念,已经被这种无理、无法的铁拳彻底打碎,几乎把法制状况带回到文革时期,当权者可以不顾任何法律,不考虑法律任何规定,就去为所欲为、乱权妄为。当然,这种情况,大家都看的很清楚,这种情况不是一个地方,也不是在一种案子上,整体上在全国各地都有发生。我觉得这几年,特别是后8-9年,都是在挑战人类的道德底限的一段时间,公开、公然的挑战人类的普世价值,让人彻底的对生命的尊重、尊严的维护让你有一种绝望的感觉,充分让你相信,“暴力是唯一”的理论。虽然他(胡锦涛)要下台,但是如果这种体制不扭转、继续任由以周永康为首的中共当权者的顽固势力再胡作非为的话,不仅仅中国的未来堪忧,共产党的未来恐怕也危在旦夕。如果党内这些老同志、老革命们,你们真正秉持全心全意为人民服务的,为了人民的利益、为了民族的利益可以去牺牲,那么,你应该及时的发挥你个人的作用,来制止这种乱权妄为、把自己的利益凌驾于国家民族利益之上的这种表现,制止这些顽固派的胡作非为。你想,到现在这种情况,你为了民族、为了国家的发展你都可以牺牲,你还担心丢权吗?
    
    赵岩:胡锦涛10年对法制有个说法,政法工作的三个至上:党的事业至上、人民至上、法律至上,很多人认为是不合逻辑的。请谈谈对此的看法。
    
    光诚:“党的事业”我无法理解,用他们的话说,解释权在他们自己嘛!怎么解释都行。如果硬是把这个解释成社会现象的话,我认为所谓“党的事业”就是党的特权,我就是要专权!这就是我的事业!你“人民的利益”要放在第二位,你要在不违背党的喜好的情况下(我是指党的顽固势力、自私自利的这么一批人),你所有人民利益要符合这个利益的时候,你才可以去争取,你才可以有,否则就坚决不允许你有。所谓的“法律至上”更是荒唐,用他们政法委书记的话说,法律是什么?“我们就是不管法律是什么规定,我们就是想怎么干就怎么干,你能怎么着?”他们就这样说,我们地方的政法委书记亲自说的。“共产党说依法行政,那都是放屁的。”这是张健说的,有证可寻,我建议博讯记者打电话问他这件事情,这是7月29日说的。说到这个事情也不难了解,大家都知道,我离开家以后,以张健为首的土匪几十个人拿着棍棒,半夜翻墙跳进我大哥的院子,然后实施打砸抢,打我侄子的时候,棍子朝头上打下去,我侄子躲开,棍子打到桌子上,电视打得粉碎。、、、(请看:事发时的报道)我的侄子到现在还没消息,律师也不能见,也没有什么说法,完全是一种赤裸裸的无耻状态。你们(官员)可以到人家的家里打砸抢,而不受任何法律追究,人家再不自卫就被打死的情况下采取自卫,却被指为故意杀人,还说法律至上,哪里法律至上?按中华人民共和国刑法的规定,入室抢劫,哪怕是抢一根针,那也是10年以上有期徒刑直至无期。这些人就有这样的特权,不被中国的法律追究吗?法律至上从何而来?我觉得像这样的一个案子,展开来,向全世界做个调查:如果半夜有人拿着棍子跑到你家里抢东西打人,砸家具,如果(主人)手里有枪的话,我想不会让它闲着的。任何一个国家,中国也不例外,公民住宅神圣不可侵犯,非法侵入公民住宅应该承担什么样的责任?也有非常清楚的规定,当党的干部凌驾于法律之上,到公民家打砸抢的时候,谁去监督他?谁去追究他?所以说,法律至上一纸空文,就是骗人的。

以下是陈光诚谈话录音的片段:


    (待续:陈光诚谈对王立军事件、18大的看法)

冯骥才:中国每天消失近百个村落 速度令人咂舌



    来源:中国新闻网
    原标题 [冯骥才:中国每天消失近百个村落 速度令人咂舌]
     中新网天津10月20日电(罗嵬皞)中国文联副主席、中国民间文艺家协会主席冯骥才20日在天津表示,中国每天消失80至100个村落,速度之快令人咂舌。 
    
      冯骥才是在接受媒体采访时作出上述表示的。他援引官方公布的数字说,过去十年,中国总共消失了90万个自然村,“比较妥当的说法是每一天消失80至100个村落”;这些消失的村落中有多少具有文化保护价值的传统村落,则无人知晓。
    
      “传统村落中蕴藏着丰富的历史信息和文化景观,是中国农耕文明留下的最大遗产。”冯骥才说,但随着社会的发展,村落的原始性,以及吸附其上的文化性正在迅速瓦解。因此,保护中国传统村落已经迫在眉睫。
    
      据冯骥才介绍,由中国住房和城乡建设部、文化部、国家文物局、财政部发起的传统村落调查和保护行动已经启动。目前已收到约12000条来自基层的反馈信息,下一步专家委员会将根据这些信息,评定首批中国传统村落名录,并制定传统村落保护标准和发展规划。
    
      根据《关于开展传统村落调查的通知》界定,传统村落是指村落形成较早,拥有较丰富的传统资源,具有一定历史、文化、科学、艺术、社会、经济价值,应予以保护的村落。

难产8年的收入分配方案,终于出台在即



    
    来源:21世纪经济报道 
     
    核心提示:最终方案对于垄断行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控,提高城乡居民收入,促进基本公共服务均等化等,都可望给出明确目标。
    
    难产8年的收入分配方案,终于出台在即。
    
    10月17日召开的国务院常务会议,在谈到四季度各项工作时提出,要制定收入分配制度改革总体方案。
    
    受访的多位接近相关部门的专家均证实,收入分配总体方案目前已经完成起草并上报国务院。曾参与该方案内部讨论的中国劳动学会副会长兼薪酬专业委员会会长苏海南预计,方案可能在12月份出台。
    
    据悉,由国家发改委牵头起草的收入分配体制改革方案,其基本框架中,包含建立健全职工工资的正常增长机制,促进基本公共服务均等化,不断缩小城乡收入的差距等多方面内容。同时,对于垄断行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控、提高城乡居民收入等,方案中也可望给出明确目标。
    
    “经过多年酝酿、讨论和修改,即将出台的方案已经比较成熟了。” 曾参与该方案内部讨论的人社部劳动工资研究所研究员马小丽透露,最终版本的方案将更加重视顶层设计和组合设计,也更加着重于如何提高低收入群体的工资收入水平。
    
    方案曾两次提交均未通过
    
    收入分配体制改革总体方案的起草工作于2004年启动,由国家发改委具体负责,财政部、人社部、国资委等多个部委参与制订。在2010年初和2011年12月,国家发改委曾两次将方案上报国务院,但均因高层领导认为需要继续修改而未获通过。
    
    关于方案的基本框架和精神,国家发改委收入分配课题组负责人李实表示,收入分配改革首先要提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。同时,加大财政、税收在初次分配和再分配中的调节作用,创造条件让更多群众拥有财产性收入。
    
    由于涉及到利益重新分配,方案从一开始制订就产生各种分歧。从2007年至2009年,国家发改委曾就此前后举行过6次征求意见讨论会。各部委及各方专家围绕收入差距大小的判断、控制垄断行业薪酬、提高低收入群体收入等敏感议题,一直争议不断。
    
    “对收入差距的估计就有分歧,因为涉及到如何定义‘收入’,不光是现金,还包括实物收入、补贴、暗收入。又比如限制垄断部门高收入,怎么界定‘垄断部门’?还有城乡收入差距问题,有人认为这是发展过程中出现的,政府政策起不了多大的调节作用。”李实说。
    
    起草中的分歧与争执
    
    关于“两个比重”(指居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重)低还是不低也有分歧,有人拿出金砖四国的数据做横向比较,认为中国的“两个比重”并不低。
    
    关于当前收入差距不合理偏大,各方已基本形成共识,但对于问题产生的原因、改革的着重点是放在初次分配还是二次分配上,又形成了分歧。有人认为分配不公主要是政府对市场干预过多造成的。应该首先通过改革政治体制和行政体制来解决;有人则认为现阶段改革重心应放在初次分配领域,包括对财税体制、工资制度、农民收入分配、要素分配制度、垄断行业进行改革。
    
    “方案讨论过程中争议较多的还有‘提低’,在相关财税减免相关的支持很难达成共识,难以操作。”苏海南透露,比如有人认为劳动密集型产业的税该减的也减得差不多了,没必要再减了。还有意见认为企业减税和工资增长没法挂钩,而且这样操作容易形成政府对微观经济运行的过度干预,不妥当。
    
    关于上市公司的薪酬问题也迟迟未达成共识。“有人认为上市公司的事就由市场去定,由薪酬委员会提方案,董事会批准股东大会决策,没多大问题;有人指出这本质上还是高管自定薪酬,应该修法,形成内部制衡机制,在这方面没有完全形成共识。”苏海南说。
    
    据相关人士介绍,收入分配涉及财税体制改革、社保制度设计等多个层面,而且方案涉及到多个具体部委的操作执行,部委之间又缺乏规范的磋商沟通机制,“有些部门对此难免有抵触情绪。”这也使得方案的出台更为困难。
    
    在苏海南看来,收入分配是对体制和利益的重新洗牌。既得利益者不愿受到损失,形成阻力,所以就拖得比较久。
    
    此外,收入分配改革方案涉及经济社会体制、经济发展方式转变、经济结构调整。改革的复杂性,注定了各方从达成共识,形成清晰思路,到明确各种可行性政策,都需要较长的时间。
    
    拉大差距的因素仍存在
    
    在收入分配改革方案久攻不下的八年里,居民收入差距在继续扩大。
    
    由中国发展研究基金会发布的《转折期的中国收入分配》报告显示,中国改革开放初期的居民收入基尼系数不到0.3,到2001年攀升到0.45左右,至2007年进一步上升到0.48。
    
    房地产价格过快上涨造成的财产性收入差距急剧扩大,行业垄断造成行业收入差距扩大,被认为是造成城镇内部收入差距扩大的主要原因。报告显示,金融行业的职工平均工资与城镇职工平均工资相比,在2003年高出49%,在2009年高出87%。
    
    由人社部劳动工资研究所发布的2011年《中国薪酬发展报告》也指出,企业高管与农民工工资收入差距最大达4553倍,企业内部近5年来高管工资增幅明显超过普通职工工资增幅。
    
    国有和私营部门员工的收入也差距巨大。国家统计局发布的数据显示,2011年全国城镇非私营单位在岗职工年平均工资为42452元,而私营单位就业人员年平均工资为24556元,仅相当于城镇非私营单位年平均工资的近58%。
    
    李实领导的课题组则更多关注城乡收入差距。他们估算,在考虑公共医疗、养老、教育补贴等社会福利项目后,2002年城乡居民的人均“暗收入”大约为4200元,而农村居民为250元。如果将这部分收入计入城乡居民的平均收入中,那么城乡居民的收入比率会上升到4.35:1。
    
    研究还显示,最近3-4年全国收入分配差距处于相对稳定状态,但是灰色收入、腐败收入等因素给总体收入差距变化带来不确定性。
    
    “拉大收入分配差距的因素在一段时期内仍持续存在,收入差距将在较高水平持续一段时期,然后才走向下降。这个时期的长短,取决于未来的政策选择。” 中国发展研究基金会秘书长卢迈认为。
    
    收入分配问题拖而不决,会给经济和社会发展带来巨大风险,同时利益集团反对改变既有格局的力量会更加强大,使政府扭转收入差距扩大趋势的努力面临更大的困难。